The Continental Shelf of Crete: The Benthic Environment

Abstract. Sediment characteristics determining macrofauna communities were investigated on the continental shelf of Crete. The sedimentary environment of the outer continental shelf of Crete is characterized by a silty substrate with significant decrease in chlorophyll a and organic carbon concentration with depth. Redox potential values indicated an ample supply of oxygen at all depths. Values of most production-related parameters TOC, chlorophyll a , ATP were found at the low end of the range reported from the literature even though the sampling stations were very close to the coastline. Organic carbon to chlorophyll ratios in the sediments indicated that most of the organic material is of phytoplankton origin; the quality of the organic material in the outer shelf, however, seems to be of lower bioavailability.     

青岛岩礁附植小型底栖动物ATP含量的研究

2004年10～12月对青岛太平角潮间带2种海藻（鼠尾藻和羊栖菜）上附生的小型底栖动物进行了连续3个月的采样调查,并进行了附植小型底栖动物优势类群和线虫优势种类ATP含量的测定.2种海藻上共采得12个小型底栖动物类群,平均丰度为518.9nds./g dwt algae,海洋线虫和桡足类为优势类群,两者的相对丰度之和大于84%.鼠尾藻上的线虫ATP含量平均为5.57ng/ind.（以下单位相同）,桡足类为4.69;羊栖菜上的线虫ATP含量平均为2.46,桡足类为15.06.共鉴定出海洋线虫28种或分类实体.2种海藻上的线虫优势种类均是刮食食性的三齿棘线虫（Acanthonchus tridentatus）.不同粒级海洋线虫的个体干重为0.14～32.65μg/ind.,ATP含量为1.18～297.64ng/ind.,C/ATP比值为43∶1～99∶1.     

养殖池底泥中好氧生物对有机物的降解作用──阴离子表面活性剂的可降解性研究

本文采用ATP含量作为微生物活性的指示,根据其降解指数,定性地描述了养殖池底泥中的好氧生物对LAS的降解性,直接测定了体系中LAS含量的变化,并进行了降解过程动力学分析。同时依据自养指数对体系有机污染状况进行评价。     

长江口及其附近海域细菌和三磷酸腺苷的分布特征

于1986年1月和7月在长江口及其附近海域进行了细菌的落射荧光直接计数和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)浓度的测定,同时取分样进行了微生物呼吸作用耗氧速率和叶绿素浓度的测定。结果表明,细菌数量和ATP浓度夏季较冬季高,总的分布趋势是,高值区出现在内河段和长江口,向外海逐渐降低;细菌数同悬浮体浓度、硝酸盐浓度和耗氧速率呈正相关,与盐度呈负相关。冬季,在整个海域细菌是ATP的主要贡献者和溶解氧的主要消耗者;夏季,沿冲淡水方向ATP出现两个峰值,第一峰值出现在长江口的最大浊度带,由细菌所贡献;第二个出现在盐度25—30的区域,由浮游植物所贡献。呼吸作用耗氧速率也呈现了与ATP相似的分布特征。     

重金属胁迫对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)能量代谢酶转录水平的研究

利用PCR扩增技术,从泥蚶的cDNA文库中克隆出了ATP合酶F1-β亚基基因。FOF1-ATP合酶是生物体能量代谢的重要合成酶,ATP合酶F1-β亚基是其重要组成部分。序列分析结果表明,泥蚶的ATP合酶F1-β亚基全长1944bp,包括5′端非翻译区(5′-UTR)序列246bp,3′端非翻译区(3′-UTR)序列126bp和1572bp的开放阅读框序列(ORF),编码523个氨基酸,预测分子量大小和等电点分别为54.13kDa和4.73。在重金属镉、铜、铅胁迫下,检测ATP合酶F1-β亚基和精氨酸激酶基因在转录水平的调控变化。     

Key genes expression of reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle from deep-sea hydrothermal chemolithoautotrophic Caminibacter profundus in response to salinity, pH and O2

CO2 fixation pathway of Caminibacter profundus, a chemolithoautotrophic -Proteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vent, was determined and characterized by genetic and enzymatic analyses. Gene expression of key enzymes for CO2 fixation in response to salinity, pH and O2 in Medium 829 were also investigated. The results demonstrate that C. profundus contained aclB, porA and oorA, the genes encoding key enzymes of reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. However, genes fragments of cbbL and cbbM encoding key enzyme of Calvin cycle were not recovered. Key enzymatic activities of ATP citrate lyase (ACL), pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) and 2-oxoglutarate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (OOR) were also present in C. profundus. The combination of genetic and enzymatic analyses confirm that C. profundus adopted rTCA cycle for carbon assimilation. The results of aclB and oorA relative expressions of C. profundus demonstrate that the ranges of environmental factors for high genes expression were sea salt 3.0%-5.0% (optimum 3.0%), pH 5.0-6.5(optimum pH 6.5), anaerobic to microaerobic conditions (optimum 1.0% O2 ). Gene expression patterns under different conditions show similar patterns with bacterial growth, revealing that key rTCA cycle genes provided molecular basis for bacterial growth and propagation. Our results suggest that C. profundus could regulate key genes of rTCA cycle for carbon assimilation and energy metabolism in response to environmental fluctuations in hydrothermal vent.     

九龙江口ATP分布与环境因子的关系

本文根据１９９４年７月至１９９５年４月间４个航次调查资料而得。结果表明，九龙江口ＡＴＰ的含量平均值为２７８．４μｇ／ｍ＾３，变化范围在３２．４￣８５７．６μｇ／ｍ＾３之间。ＡＴＰ与叶绿素ａ和ＰＯＣ之间存在着正相关性。Ｃｈｌ－ａ／ＡＴＰ的高值区出现在盐度为２５￣３０间。ＰＯＣ（Ｂ）／ＰＯＣ的高温区出现在盐度为１５￣２５间。该区域颗粒碳含有最大比例的活体的有机碳约占６０％。     

虹鳟和硬头鳟早期幼鱼渗透生理及能量平衡的比较研究

在0、5、10、15、20、25和30这7个盐度下比较研究了初始体重分别为(3.55±0.03)g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和(3.57±0.07)g溯河型硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的渗透压生理及能量平衡。40天的研究显示:(1)随盐度的升高虹鳟和硬头鳟的血清渗透压和离子浓度均升高,且S30组的数值显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);在S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟血清渗透压、离子浓度均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。(2)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的Na+-K+-ATP酶(NKA)和Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶(CMA)活性最低;在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟的NKA和CMA均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。(3)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织ATP含量最高;在S10、S15、S20和S25组,硬头鳟ATP均显著高于虹鳟(P<0.05)。(4)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP最低,在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,3.6g左右硬头鳟渗透调节能力强于虹鳟,经过逐渐驯化它们最适生长盐度分别为10和5。     

Changes in the contents of ATP and its related breakdown compounds in various tissues of oyster during frozen storage

The changes in the contents of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) and its related breakdown compounds were investigated in the adductor muscle, mantle, gill and body trunk of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during frozen storage at -20℃ and -30℃ and compared with that of the fresh oyster. The investigation was performed using an HPLC system. Different extents of ATP decomposi- tion were found in various tissues frozen at the two temperatures. The K, K’ and A.E.C values were calculated as the chemical fresh- ness indices. Considering the results of sensory evaluation, the A.E.C. value in body trunk at -20℃ and -30℃ could be used as the best freshness index for frozen oyster.