南盘江盆地西南缘麻栗坡八布地区碎屑岩时代的厘定及其构造意义

南盘江盆地处于特提斯构造域和滨太平洋构造域的交汇部位。盆地西南缘的麻栗坡八布地区发育一套巨厚碎屑岩,因与八布蛇绿岩直接接触而意义重大,但目前还没有准确的同位素年代学依据,属性还存在争议。本文首次报道了碎屑岩上段中沉凝灰岩夹层的锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄,结果为226±1Ma (n=17,MSWD=1.1)。结合古生物和接触关系,证实这套碎屑岩是中—上三叠统安尼阶到卡尼阶的板纳组—兰木组—平寨组。首次从上部层位厘定出一套滨岸- 潮坪相石英质细砾岩、石英砂岩、细砂岩沉积,发育平行层理、浪成交错层理、透镜状层理、干涉波痕等。从中三叠世的巨厚海相陆源碎屑浊流沉积到晚三叠世卡尼末期滨岸- 潮坪相沉积的演化,代表了南盘江前陆盆地中—晚三叠世的充填序列,卡尼阶平寨组与拉丁阶个旧组的平行不整合代表了印支运动第II幕。     

Structural analysis of the Baolun gold deposit,Hainan Island,South China: Implications for metallogeny

The Baolun gold deposit is a mesothermal orogenic gold deposit located in the southwestern part of Hainan Island, South China. The deposit comprises a series of NNW-trending quartz-sulfide lodes situated within a parallel array of fault zones traversing a sequence of variably foliated flysch siliciclastic rocks of the Lower Silurian. Detailed field mapping documented at least five phases of deformation in the deposit including NNW-trending folding of the Lower Silurian rocks (D1), development of NNW-trending, steeply dipping ductile shear zones with an oblique dextral sense corresponding to NNE-SSW shortening (D2), WNW-ESE shortening and extension associated with an early oblique sinistral ductile shearing along the NNW-trending fault zones (D3), ENE-WSW shortening (D4), and near N-S extension (D5). The gold-bearing quartz lodes cut the strata folded in the D1, show some laminar layering related to ductile shear in the D2 and are overprinted by brittle structures formed in the D3 to D5. ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating on muscovite from an auriferous quartz lode yielded an age of 242 ± 2.5 Ma, which, together with the age of 232 ± 2.5 Ma for an aplite vein in the deposit, suggests that the mineralization may be related to a tectono-thermal event in the Triassic. In the context of the southern South China plate tectonics, the formation of the Baolun gold deposit is interpreted to be related to the oblique dextral ductile shearing (D2) along the NNW-trending fault zones during the Indosinian orogeny, in relation to the convergence between the Indochina and South China plates.     

Ar-Ar ages of gold deposits in the Song Hien domain (NE Vietnam): Tectonic settings and comparison with Golden Triangle in China in terms of a single metallogenic province

The Song Hien rift basin is an important metallogenic area in NE Vietnam. This domain consists mainly of Triassic sulfide-rich black shale beds, which play a role as a sedimentary host for various mineral systems such as antimony, mercury and gold-sulfide deposits. Most of gold deposits are hosted in carbonaceous sedimentary rocks, however some deposits, which have similar characteristics, are hosted in fine-grained mafic magmatic rocks. An Ar-Ar isotopic dating of hydrothermal sericite from the sedimentary hosted Bo Va and Khung Khoang gold deposits and intrusion hosted orogenic Hat Han gold deposit yields plateau ages of 184.8 ± 2.1 Ma, 211.63 ± 2.3 Ma, and 209.12 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively. The obtained Ar-Ar ages convincingly show that the orogenic gold deposits in the Song Hien domain were formed in Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, while the age of the Bo Va deposit is at least older than 184.8 ± 2.1 Ma. Loss of argon by volume diffusion, supported by previously reported mineralogical and isotopic features of the Bo Va deposit may suggest that the Jurassic-Cretaceous (Yanshanian) tectonothermal events overprinted some deposits in the Song Hien domain. Formation of gold deposits in the Song Hien domain is linked to the same tectonic event as the Carlin-like gold deposits in SW China and is associated with an extensional tectonic regime that followed continental collision between the Indochina and South China Blocks. The similarity in geology setting and mineral composition of gold deposits of the Song Hien domain and the Golden Triangle region, as well as timing and kinematics of deformation, magmatic features, and stratigraphic sequence and bulk architecture, lead to conclusion that NE Vietnam and SW China is a single metallogenic zone. The study of gold deposits in Vietnam will provide a new data on the metallogenic history of this important part of SE Asia.     

龙门山造山带的早期活动及其对造山作用的启示

2008年汶川地震后,在映秀-北川同震地表破裂带南段虹口乡八角庙地区发现有假玄武玻璃出露于~240m宽的断裂带内,代表了断裂带以往地震和断裂活动的直接产物。这套假玄武玻璃的高温熔融成因得到了元素地球化学和熔融结构的证实。玻璃基质、蚀变矿物和碎屑斑晶的化学分析显示假玄武玻璃继承了碎裂岩/超碎裂岩围岩的主要化学成分,除石英外,主要由长石和云母两种端员组分选择性熔融形成,并呈现出了化学组分分布的不均一性。假玄武玻璃的锆石U-Pb和玻璃基质~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年结果证实映秀-北川断裂的古地震发生于229~216Ma的中-晚三叠世,并具有11~14km的震源深度,表明映秀-北川断裂的早期活动始于印支期的造山运动。伴随着印支造山运动的发生,龙门山断裂带形成了其初始构造框架,并对之后的构造演化产生了深远的影响。     

浙江章村地区中元古代岛弧火山岩的地球化学及构造意义

浙江章村地区中元古代双溪坞群火山岩是江南造山带的重要组成部分,下部北坞组以中基性至中酸性凝灰岩类为主,中部岩山组以沉凝灰岩类占优势,上部章村组以中酸性至酸性熔结凝灰岩类为特色,形成较完整的中基性-酸性火山岩演化序列。岩石化学和稀土元素、微量元素地球化学均指示其形成于岛弧环境,反映为大陆边缘岛弧挤压背景下同源岩浆连续分异过程中火山作用的产物,自下而上显示了岛弧逐步增大并不断成熟的过程。从所见物质成分分析,它经历了北坞期火山岛弧陆相喷发-岩山期火山间歇弧内盆地沉积-章村期火山岛弧陆相爆溢3个阶段,在经历了持续的火山活动之后,区内之龙门山岛弧处于挤压体制之中并褶皱造山,其起因与Rodinia超大陆发生聚合造山作用有关。     

构造挤压对库车坳陷异常地层压力的影响

库车坳陷异常高压呈东西向带状分布,中部克拉苏-东秋-迪那构造带的地层压力系数在2．0以上,往南北两侧递减。异常高压的分布和古近系的膏盐岩分布密切相关,巨厚的膏盐层盖层是形成异常高压的重要条件。喜马拉雅晚期强烈的构造挤压作用是库车坳陷异常高压形成的主要因素,地层压力和过剩地层压力与最大构造主应力之间具有较好的相关性,构造抬升对该区异常高压形成的影响较小。异常高压对油气藏的形成和保存有十分重要的作用,它是库车坳陷形成大型油气藏的必要条件。     

The Junggar Immature Continental Crust Province and Its Mineralization

According to the study on the peripheral orogenic belts of the Junggar basin and combined with the interpretation of geophysical data, this paper points out that there is an Early Paleozoic basement of immature continental crust in the Junggar area, which is mainly composed of Neoproterozoic-Ordovician oceanic crust and weakly metamorphosed covering sedimentary rocks. The Late Paleozoic tectonism and mineralization were developed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic immature continental crust. The Junggar metallogenic province is dominated by Cr, Cu, Ni and Au mineralization. Those large and medium-scale deposits are mainly distributed along the deep faults and particularly near the ophiolitic melange zones, and formed in the Late Paleozoic with the peak of mineralization occurring in the Carboniferous-Permian post-collisional stage. The intrusions related to Cu, Ni and Au mineralization generally have low Is, and positive εNd(t) values. The δ34S values of the ore deposits are mostly near zero, and t     

Sr–Nd isotopes and geochemistry of the infrastructural rocks in the Meatiq and Hafafit core complexes, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Evidence for involvement of pre-Neoproterozoic crust in the growth of Arabian–Nubian Shield

Abstract Meatiq and Hafafit core complexes are large swells in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, comprising two major tectono‐stratigraphic units or tiers. The lower (infrastructure) unit is composed of variably cataclased gneissose granites and high‐grade gneisses and schists. It is structurally overlain by Pan–African ophiolitic mélange nappes (the higher unit). The two units are separated by a low‐angle sole thrust, along which mylonites are developed. Major and trace element data indicate formation of the gneissose granites in both volcanic arc and within‐plate settings. Nevertheless, all analyzed gneissose granites and other infrastructural rocks, exhibit low initial ratios (Sr_i) (<0.7027), positive ε_Nd(t) (+4.9 to +10.3) and Neoproterozoic Nd model age (T_DM) (592–831 Ma for the gneissose granite samples). Although these values are compatible with other parts of the Arabian– Nubian Shield considered to be juvenile, the ε_Nd(t) values and several incompatible element ratios of the gneissose granites are too low to be derived from a mantle source without contribution from an older continental crust. Our geological, Sr–Nd isotopic and chemical data combined with the published zircon ages indicate the existence of a pre‐Neoproterozoic continent in the Eastern Desert that started to break up at ca 800 Ma. Rifting and subsequent events caused the formation of oceanic crust and emplacement within‐plate alkali basalts in the hinterland domains of the old continent. The emplacement of basaltic magma might have triggered melting of lower crust in the old continent and resulted in emplacement of the within‐plate granite masses between 700 Ma and 626 Ma. The granite masses and other rocks in the old continent have been subjected to deformation during the over‐thrusting of Pan–African nappes, probably because of the oblique convergence between East and West Gondwanaland. Rb–Sr isotopes of the gneissose granites in both Meatiq and Hafafit core complexes defines an isochron age of 619 ± 25 Ma with Sr_i of 0.7009 ± 0.0017 and mean squares of weighted deviates = 2.0. We interpret this age as the date of thrusting of the Pan–African nappes in the Eastern Desert. Continued oblique convergence between East and West Gondwanaland could have resulted in the formation northwest–southeast‐trending Meatiq and Hafafit anticlinoriums.     

The impact of tectonic deformation upon coal seams in the South Wales coalfield, UK

Observations on the nature and appearance of coal seams, which were deformed during the late Carboniferous Variscan orogeny, have been made over several years within a number of opencast coal sites located across the South Wales coalfield. The deformation of coal seams was dominated by brittle failure and subsequent movement along fracture planes. Examination of hand specimens and smaller-scale samples using a scanning electron microscope reveals the presence of two distinct types of small-scale, tectonic fracture markings within deformed coals. Striated fracture surfaces with prominent ridges and grooves can bear a superficial resemblance to shatter cones in appearance but are unique to coal in their tectonic setting and appear to have formed by static shear failure, whereas strongly polished fracture surfaces result from movement across fracture planes. Deformed coal seams are also affected by distinctive, large-scale, tectonic fracture sets. The extent of fracturing within coal seams can be assessed using different techniques including measuring fracture frequency directly, performing various strength and hardness tests, making relatively simple subjective assessments on the appearance of the coal or monitoring the size distribution of the coal product. By applying some of these methods within working opencast sites, it can be shown that large amounts of abnormally fractured coal were formed along coal-based thrust flats or detachments but that the distribution of fractured coal along detached seams is rarely homogeneous. Enhanced fracturing often occurred in association with the localised thickening of seams along small-scale thrusts or within coal duplexes. Variable seam thicknesses and pockets of structurally thickened coal are seen as the most efficient means by which the presence and location of significant amounts of fractured coal can be predicted from borehole evidence during prospecting.     

胶东金矿成矿构造背景探讨

在编制1∶50万山东省大地构造相图基础上,通过对大地构造相研究显示:胶东微地块是经多期增生和碰撞而形成的,其漫长的板块构造演化明显具有阶段性。侏罗纪是该区板块构造演化史上的一个重要转换期,构造演化由原来的南、北分异转变为东、西分异,胶东地区NE向新生构造起了主要作用。胶东地区中生代有2次重要的碰撞造山事件,印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压-超高压变质带及同造山花岗岩及后造山高碱正长岩;燕山造山作用的大陆动力学环境起源于中亚-特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域转化和太平洋板块的俯冲,在胶东地区表现为3次造山和3次伸展。晚侏罗世造山早期玲珑片麻状花岗岩组合是区域构造挤压导致地壳增厚引起地壳重熔的产物,代表了大陆弧花岗岩特征;早白垩世造山中期郭家岭花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合代表了造山期大陆弧花岗岩的特点;造山晚期伟德山闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合表现为大陆弧花岗岩,后造山A型崂山晶洞过碱性碱长花岗岩-正长花岗岩组合为大陆造陆隆升花岗岩与后造山花岗岩,代表燕山构造的结束。胶东地区构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用受控于特提斯、古亚洲洋和太平洋三大构造域的相互作用,金矿形成的动力学背景是中生代构造体制转折和岩石圈减薄,起因与太平洋板块向华北板块的俯冲机制有关。