阴离子树脂—活性炭吸附石墨炉测定铂钯

将样品用王水分解定容静置后,采用阴离子树脂—活性炭混合吸附体系进行静态吸附,将吸附体高温灰化后再以王水分解定容,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定溶液中的铂、钯.该方法检出限为铂0.084ng/g,钯0.025 ng/g,回收率铂为95％～ 103％,钯为95％～ 98％.     

A review of possible optical absorption features of oxygen molecules in the icy surfaces of outer solar system bodies

In this review we provide the data needed to interpret remote spectroscopic studies of O₂ molecules embedded in the icy surfaces of outer solar system bodies. O₂ produced by radiolysis has been seen in the gas phase and as the so-called ‘solid O₂’ trapped in the icy surfaces of Ganymede, Europa and Callisto. It may also have been indirectly observed on a number of objects by its radiolysis product, O₃. These observations indicate the importance of O₂ for understanding the chemical processes occurring on icy outer solar system surfaces. Therefore, the published absorption spectra of gaseous, liquid and solid O₂ and of O₂ embedded in H₂O ice are reviewed in some detail. Particular emphasis has been placed on the presentation of transition probabilities for the various O₂ spectral series so that their relative importances can be assessed when they are used for modelling the radiation chemistry occurring in such environments.     

Enhancing the durability of flooded low-capacity soils by utilizing lime-activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS)

Flooding has a significant impact on road infrastructural development and maintenance. This study was aimed at mitigating the effects of flooding of low-bearing capacity soils, a solution that could alleviate the effects of flooding on road structural layers, especially, those constructed on flood susceptible soils and/or regions. The achievement of such an improvement would foster the growth of road infrastructural development, particularly for low income economies where critical savings accruing from this mitigation effect could be invested in further development projects.Laboratory simulation of flooding was carried out on stabilized soil test specimens. The production of the test specimens involved the use of Lower Oxford Clay (LOC) as a typical low-bearing capacity soil, stabilized using varying proportions of a latently hydraulic industrial by-product material – Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) – blended with quicklime (CaO) as an activator. Reducing the use of lime by incorporating GGBS enhances sustainability of the proposed process. Cylindrical test specimens of 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height were statically compacted to achieve maximum dry density (MDD), prior to moist curing for varying time periods before simulating prolonged flooding. Water absorption was monitored during the flooding process, and the specimens then tested for compressive strength. The results suggest potential of these lime–GGBS–LOC mixtures in overcoming the deleterious effect of flooding, by reduced water absorption and maintenance of a rigid cementing matrix structure after prolonged flooding. This is believed to offer savings from the improved robustness of road structural layers upon flooding, through resource conservation and material durability enhancement.     

基于改进的广义S变换的低频吸收衰减梯度检测

本文利用一种改进的广义S变换对地震波进行时频分解,求取地震波低频段时频谱的吸收衰减梯度,并与利用传统的广义S变换得到的高频段及低频段的吸收衰减梯度进行对比,以期更好地指示油气.理论推导、数值模拟及实际应用结果表明:基于改进的广义S变换的低频吸收衰减梯度可与传统的广义S变换得到的高频吸收衰减梯度相互佐证,更好指示油气.     

岫岩陨石坑三维Q值层析成像

到2009年为止,世界上已发现176个陨石撞击坑.从20世纪80年代起,中国学者从地质、地球化学和地质钻探角度推断并证实辽宁省岫岩县的一个环形构造为陨石撞击而成,但该坑的深部构造及整体特征仍有待地球物理方法来确认.本文从地震勘探角度利用三维Q值层析成像方法首次对岫岩坑的地震波衰减结构进行了研究,以便对该撞击构造有个整体认识.Q值结构对了解地壳的非弹性性质、地壳介质非均匀性有着重要意义.利用基于吸收特征时间t^*的三维Q值层析成像方法,计算了岫岩坑地震折射方阵的观测数据的振幅谱,并通过拟合振幅谱得到了反映地震波衰减的t^*.利用t^*通过三维Q值层析成像方法获得了该坑的三维Q值结构.结果表明:该陨石坑内从地表到深度100 m的Q值层对应坑内上部107 m厚的湖泊相沉积物,深度100~300 m的Q值层对应坑内下部厚度为188 m的角砾岩堆积透镜体.深度300~700 m的Q值层对应角砾岩堆积透镜体下面的下元古界变质岩系程度较低的撞击破碎层.大约250 m深处的波阻抗界面与地质钻孔的260 m深处的陨石冲击分界面相对应.     

油松和侧柏常绿树种对典型污染物的吸滞与富集作用

以城市森林生态系统常绿树种为对象,测定了油松（Pinus tabuliformis）和侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）叶片对大气污染物（SO₂、Cl₂）和土壤重金属污染物（Cu、Zn、As、Hg和Pb、Cd和Cr）的吸滞作用与富集作用。结果表明：油松和侧柏具有较强吸滞污染物的作用,对污染物的吸滞能力受环境污染程度、不同生长季节的污染元素种类等因素的影响。其中,油松在秋季对S、Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg具有较高的吸附能力,针叶中S、Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg含量平均值分别为2158.75、6.31、31.46、4.05 mg·kg-1和0.08 mg·kg-1;侧柏在秋季对Cu、Zn、Hg和Cd具有较高的吸附能力,叶片中Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd含量平均值分别为4.47、22.47、0.09 mg·kg-1和0.20 mg·kg-1;在不同立地条件下,油松和侧柏对污染物的吸滞与富集量有所差异,其中在土壤污染较重的石景山松林园样地,油松对大气污染物SO₂有较强的吸附能力,侧柏则表现出对Cl₂有较强的吸附能力。对重金属污染物而言,油松和侧柏对Cu、Pb、Cr和As有较高的富集作用。     

激光同位素光谱法测量水中氢氧同位素组成的实验室间比对研究

激光同位素光谱分析方法是近些年使用较广泛的一种便捷、快速的测试稳定同位素组成的技术,能同时分析出水中δD、δ~(18)O同位素组成,因其操作简单,检测效率高,体积小,野外现场测试携带方便,迅速在环境、地质、生态和能源等领域得到广泛应用,但是该测试分析方法尚没有相应的国家标准,测试结果得不到有效的溯源,在使用过程中缺乏规范和统一。为此,本文通过在全国范围内12家实验室选取8个比对水样(δD值在-189.1‰~-0.4‰内,δ~(18)O值在-24.52‰~0.32‰内),利用激光同位素光谱法测试比对D/H和18O/16O值,探讨激光同位素光谱仪分析水中δD、δ~(18)O值的准确度和精密度。测试结果表明:各个协作实验室数据准确、稳定,方法的重复性和再现性良好;激光光谱法测定的δD精密度为0.4‰(1σ),δ~(18)O精密度为0.05‰(1σ),与传统稳定同位素质谱的精度几乎一致,因此适用于常规水样中δD、δ~(18)O测定,可以开展野外在线实时检测水中氢氧同位素组成。本研究为开展制定激光同位素光谱法测定环境液态水中δD、δ~(18)O同位素组成标准方法的工作推广和应用提供了参考。     

用代数重建法反演地震面波品质因数Q值空间分布

本文用代数重建（简称ＡＲＴ）法，反演面波的品质因数Ｑ值分布；作了模型正演计算求得吸收特征时间ｔ＾＊，接着用这些ｔ＾＊求反演的Ｑ值分布作比较，求出Ｑ值的相对误差的空间分布在６－８％，说明这种方法用于Ｑ值反演的正确性。用中国地震台网观测报告中振幅和周期，对１９６６年以后的５１８个地震事件，共３０００多条射线，基于Ｓ．Ｊ．Ｄｕｄａ提出的由震级起算函数的方法，计算每一条射线的ｔ＾＊，然后对中国中部地区，取     

On the water vapour absorption in the 8–13 μm spectral region for different atmospheric conditions

Experimental measurements of the absorption coefficient of atmospheric water vapour, at wavelengths between 8 and 13 m, are examined on the basis of atmospheric models describing the meteorological conditions of the observed atmospheres to obtain estimates of the foreign-broadening absorption coefficient for homogeneous paths. The results show that the variable contribution given by unresolved lines predominates on the continuum term due to wing effects of remote lines, even for rather high spectral resolutions.Associated with estimates of the self-broadening absorption coefficient, as proposed byRoberts et al. (1976), these data are applied to a wide set of atmospheric models, corresponding to various latitudes and seasons, indicating that the two components of the atmospheric absorption coefficient are closely related to the surface temperature. Because of the variable weights given by foreign- and self-broadening terms, the atmospheric absorption coefficient turns out to increase with the surface temperature with different rates at various wavelengths.