Perfectly matched layer-absorbing boundary condition for finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equations

The perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition used for the numerical modeling of seismic wave equation. The article focuses on the application of this technique to finite-element time-domain numerical modeling of elastic wave equation. However, the finite-element time-domain scheme is based on the second-order wave equation in displacement formulation. Thus, the first-order PML in velocity-stress formulation cannot be directly applied to this scheme. In this article, we derive the finite-element matrix equations of second-order PML in displacement formulation, and accomplish the implementation of PML in finite-element time-domain modeling of elastic wave equation. The PML has an approximate zero reflection coefficients for bulk and surface waves in the finite-element modeling of P-SV and SH wave propagation in the 2D homogeneous elastic media. The numerical experiments using a two-layer model with irregular topography validate the efficiency of PML in the modeling of seismic wave propagation in geological models with complex structures and heterogeneous media.     

Macrodynamics of α2 dynamos

Abstract

Two distributions of the α-effect in a sphere are considered. The inviscid limit is approached both by direct numerical solution and by solution of a simpler nonlinear eigenvalue problem deriving from asymptotic boundary layer analysis for the case of stress-free boundaries. The inviscid limit in both cases is dominated by the need to satisfy the Taylor constraint which states that the integral of the Lorentz force over cylindrical (geostrophic) contours in a homogeneous fluid must tend to zero. For a small supercritical range in α, this condition can only be met by magnetic fields which vanish as the viscosity goes to zero. In this range, the agreement of the two approaches is excellent. In a portion of this range, the method of finite amplitude perturbation expansion is useful, and serves as a guide for understanding the numerical results. For larger α, evidence from the nonlinear eigenvalue problem suggests both that the Taylor state exists, and that the transition from small to large amplitude can require a finite amplitude (oscillatory) instability in accord with the findings of Soward and Jones (1983). However, solutions of the full equations have not been found which are independent of viscosity at larger values of α.     

The Effects of Environmental Conditions on Concentration and Emission of Ammonia in Chicken Farms during Summer Season

This paper presents a field study conducted in northwest Turkey and characterizes the NH₃ concentration and emission measured in summer season from three chicken farms. The influence of environmental conditions on NH₃ concentration and emission was also investigated in this study. Ammonia concentration, temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate were continuously recorded for four sequential days. The environmental conditions were measured using a multifunction temperature and humidity‐meter with a hot wire probe. Portable multiple gas detectors with electro‐chemical sensors were used to measure NH₃ concentration. The NH₃ emission rates for houses were calculated by multiplying simultaneously measured NH₃ concentrations and air flow rates. The average daily mean (ADM) house concentrations of house 1 (H1), house 2 (H2), and house 3 (H3) were measured as 4.43, 3.71, and 6.20 ppm, respectively. NH₃ concentration was inversely proportional to temperature (r = ?0.279), relative humidity (r = ?0.063) and airflow rate (r = ?0.554) for all monitored houses. The ADM house NH₃ emission was 135 g/(h house) for H1, 255 g/(h house) for H2, and 117 g/(h house) for H3. The combined average emission rate in this study (0.26 g/(d bird)) was lower than the emission rate measured in chicken farms in the USA. However, our results were comparable to rates calculated in European studies because house design, ventilation system and bird diet applied in Turkish chicken farms are very similar to those employed in European countries. The NH₃ emissions were significantly correlated to NH₃ concentrations (r = 0.45, p ≤ 0.001) and airflow rates (r = 0.97, p ≤ 0.001). A clear diurnal pattern was obtained for NH₃ concentrations rather than NH₃ emissions at the end of the study.     

虚拟化技术及应用于地理国情普查的思考

为全面掌握地理国情现状,我国将进行地理国情普查。面对海量的数据处理和更加复杂的信息整合与应用,地理信息技术必须以更加智慧的姿态迎接挑战。"虚拟化"作为"智慧信息技术"的重要组成,已成为信息产业领域最受关注的新兴概念。基于地理国情普查的虚拟化针对的是地理信息资源,用户只是使用或接受服务,在虚拟环境中实现真实功能。虚拟化常见类型有网络虚拟化、服务器虚拟化、存储虚拟化、系统虚拟化、应用虚拟化等。虚拟化在地理国情普查工作中,在服务社会方面,将发挥更大的作用。     

浅谈地理国情普查地市县乡村需要做的工作内容

通过国情普查试点工作,总结经验、工作方法,为下一步国情普查和省情普查打下良好的基础,对具体工作具有指导意义。     

地理国情普查地表覆盖与国情要素信息的提取方法探讨

地表覆盖分类和地理国情要素数据是地理国情普查成果数据的重要组成部分,同时也是统计分析的基本数据源。本文结合宁夏地理国情普查试点工作的技术和方法,详细阐述了普查试点生产过程中地表覆盖分类和地理国情要素信息的提取方法,并对生产技术方法进行了总结和探讨。     

基于统计检验法研究Amurian板块相对独立性

Amurian 板块是Zonenshain等提出的提出的东北亚地区内部一个构造亚板块.Amurian板块自提出以来就一直受到地学界的广泛重视.它到底是欧亚大陆的一部分,还是独立于欧亚大陆之外的一个独立次级构造块体?这个问题一直是是东亚,乃至欧亚大陆构造动力学研究的核心问题之一.许多学者从地质和地球物理学两个角度研究了Amurian板块存在的可能性.但是复杂的构造特征和稀少且弥散的地震分布使得Amurian问题充满了争议.全球卫星定位系统(GPS)技术的不断进步使得在短时间获得高精度、大范围、准实时的地壳运动观测数据,并确定地壳运动速度场成为可能.本文利用东北亚地区最新GPS资料,从大地测量学角度对东北亚地区的地壳运动特征进行分析,基于统计检验方法重点研究Amurian板块相对欧亚大陆的独立性及其边界等问题.     

基于辛算法模拟探地雷达在复杂地电模型中的传播

近年来,探地雷达(GPR)凭借其快速、高效、无破损等特点,已经广泛应用于浅地层目标探测中.数值模拟是研究探地雷达电磁波在地下结构中传播规律的有效手段.辛算法是一种保持Hamilton系统总能量不变的时域数值计算方法.本文提出了基于一阶显式辛分块龙格库塔方法的探地雷达数值模拟方法.通过对比本文算法与时域有限差分方法计算结果可知,在同等计算精度下,本文算法可以节省25%的计算时间.并基于本文算法对两个复杂GPR模型进行正演模拟,得到模拟GPR探测wiggle图,这有助于更好的理解和分析实测雷达数据.     

扇形边界条件下的龙门山壳幔电性结构特征

沿甘肃碌曲-四川龙门山-重庆合川布设了长周期大地电磁剖面,对龙门山及邻区进行了壳幔电性结构探测,采用更直观合理的扇形边界条件下的反演算法对长周期大地电磁资料进行二维反演.该剖面电性结果揭示了自北西向南东岩石圈深部的若尔盖壳幔高阻块体、松潘壳幔低阻带、龙门山壳幔高阻块体和川中壳幔高阻块体电性结构特征;龙门山逆冲推覆构造带下方的龙门山壳幔高阻体显示为向北西延伸的楔形构造,推断龙门山及松潘-甘孜地块由于受青藏高原东缘和上扬子地块双向挤压,松潘-甘孜地块地壳物质向龙门山逆冲推覆,中下地壳至上地幔向下向南东俯冲,呈现上扬子地块西缘壳幔高阻楔形体插入青藏高原东缘的态势;初步认为上扬子地块西缘深部以松潘壳幔韧性剪切带作为中新生代以来的边界.