含方形凹陷半无限非均匀介质波动问题FDM模拟

采用规则网格有限差分方法对二维平面弹性波动方程进行差分离散,得到相应的弹性波动方程的有限差分方程,再将弹性波动方程的差分格式与吸收边界、自由边界的离散形式结合形成弹性波动方程有限差分方程解决问题的主体,将其应用于含方形凹陷半无限非均匀介质的模型中进行数值模拟,得到此离散化模型中不同时刻不同节点的位移值。针对具体算例,运用上述方法结合科学计算软件MATLAB和结果后处理软件DIFEM ISOLINE PLOTER得到不同时刻的水平方向位移等值线图与接收器测量点处的合成位移记录,讨论非均匀介质、吸收边界、方形凹陷等对波动特性的影响。     

地理信息安全加密系统的实现与应用

地理信息是涉及国家安全的基础性和战略性资源,出于对国家安全的考虑,需要对地理信息进行严格保护。本文通过研发地理信息安全加密系统,实现了对地理信息数据的安全管理与控制。以宾阳县地理国情普查数据生产为例,通过使用加密系统,实现了对地理信息数据分发、使用、生产的安全管理。     

试论地理国情监测专业的人才培养和学科体系

地理国情监测是我国提出的一项国家战略,已经成为我国测绘地理信息事业今后20年发展的重要内容,是测绘地理信息部门未来的重要职责。人才是地理国情监测的第一资源,培养地理国情监测的优秀人才是地理国情监测的基础性工作。本文在对地理国情监测的基础理论和支撑技术进行分析的基础上,从地理国情监测工作的需求出发,立足于科学发展和学科前沿,对地理国情监测的学科体系和人才培养进行了分析和探讨。     

浅剖数据解译中淤泥层层界提取方法

港口与航道淤泥层层界确定对于港航建设开发与工程实施有着重大意义。本文针对港口航道浅地层剖面仪原始采集数据模糊的问题,分析了影响原始数据真实性的主要原因,实施了中值滤波法多次波压制与消噪处理,取得了清晰可靠的真实数据图像文件,根据海底声波不同层界反射特征,对比分析了脉冲信号声强图像变化情况,探讨了基于浅剖数据声强图像提取淤泥层厚的方法。试验证明该方法可以达到当前钻孔资料所能达到的精度范围。     

地理国情普查质量控制体系构建及效果分析

地理国情普查是采用空间化的方法反映自然要素与人文要素的空间分布、基本特征及其相互关系,为政府提升宏观决策的科学性及优化各类资源的配置提供依据。完善的质量控制体系是获取真实、准确、可靠的地理国情成果的有力保障。本文介绍了地理国情普查质量控制体系设计出发点、内容及其效果,对未来开展地理国情常态化监测的质量控制具有一定借鉴意义。     

地理国情信息支撑下的空间开发适宜性评价

作为主体功能区划的重要基础性工作,空间开发适宜性评价在协调解决城镇化进程中产生的空间开发失控和区域无序竞争等问题方面具有重要意义。本文利用地理国情成果数据、大比例尺基础测绘成果数据和行业专题资料及统计资料,结合GIS分析技术和层次分析方法,在构建适宜榆林市实际的空间开发适宜性评价体系的基础上,详细分析了榆林市空间开发的适宜性。结果表明,榆林市最适宜开发和较适宜开发的区域主要分布在榆林市的西北部地区,占榆林市总面积的18.4%;最不适宜开发和不适宜开发的地区主要分布在榆林市东南部地区,分别占榆林市总面积的39.86%和41.75%。究其原因,可能由于榆林市东南部多为山区、地势复杂,属于地质灾害频发地区,同时该地区人口数量大,导致人均可利用水资源较为匮乏,开发难度较大。     

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.     

High-resolution calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Santonian/Campanian Stage boundary,Western Interior Basin,USA

The base of the Campanian Stage does not have a ratified Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP); however, several potential boundary markers have been proposed including the base of the Scaphites leei III ammonite Zone and the base of the paleomagnetic Chron C33r. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages from the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Formation in the central Western Interior Seaway, USA were analyzed from two localities to determine relevant biohorizons and their relationships to these potential boundary markers. In a previous study, the Aristocrat Angus 12-8 core (Colorado) was astrochronologically dated and constrained using macrofossil zonations and radiometric ages. The Smoky Hill Member type area (Kansas) provides an expanded interval with good to excellent nannofossil preservation.Five biohorizons are useful for recognition of the Santonian/Campanian transition within the Smoky Hill Member type area, and three are useful in the Aristocrat Angus 12-8 core. The first occurrences (FOs) of Aspidolithus parcus parcus and Aspidolithus parcus constrictus, as well as the last occurrences (LOs) of Zeugrhabdotus moulladei, Helicolithus trabeculatus specimens larger than 7 μm, and Zeugrhabdotus biperforatus are in close stratigraphic proximity to the base of the Scaphites leei III Zone and the base of Chron C33r.     

顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择——以植被覆盖信息统计为例

统计格网尺度的不同会带来统计结果的差异,如何选择统计格网是地理国情信息统计的重要工作。本文提出了一种顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择方法。采用地理国情普查数据,在50 m、60 m、70 m、80 m、90 m、100 m、250 m、500 m和1000 m几个尺度下,以植被覆盖信息统计为例,利用面积占优法和中心点归属法两种方法分别进行格网化,得到了不同尺度的植被格网数据;计算植被覆盖面积统计误差,分析不同尺度下植被覆盖信息的空间自相关的变化特征,并利用Moran’s I系数差值进行尺度选择,得到了植被覆盖信息统计格网的适宜尺度。以龙沙区和清涧县作为研究区域,结果表明,在地理国情植被覆盖信息统计时,不同地区的格网统计适宜尺度是不一样的,植被覆盖度中低的龙沙区的适宜尺度为100 m,而植被覆盖度高的清涧县的适宜尺度为250 m。     

A 2.5-D coupled FE–BE model for the dynamic interaction between saturated soil and longitudinally invariant structures

A two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5-D) coupled finite element–boundary element (FE–BE) model is presented to simulate the three-dimensional dynamic interaction between saturated soils and structures with longitudinally invariant geometries. A regularized 2.5-D boundary integral equation for saturated porous media is derived that avoids the evaluation of singular traction integrals. The 2.5-D coupled FE–BE model is established by using the continuity conditions on the soil–structure interface. The developed model is verified through comparison with an existing semi-analytical method. Two case studies of a tunnel embedded in a poroelastic half-space and the efficiency of a vibration isolating screen are presented.