The temporal and spatial relationship between NDVI and climatological parameters in Colorado

1 Introduction In recent years, many researchers have demonstrated that there are essential and evident correlations between NDVI and climatological parameters (temperature and precipitation). The analysis of correlation between climate forces and time-integrated NDVI over US Northern and Central Great Plains suggested that spatial and temporal variation of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and growing degree days in growing season are the most important control on grassland…     

VIIRS和AVHRR海表温度场空间精细度估算

对上层海洋次中尺度过程研究至关重要的卫星海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)场的空间精细度一直未受到足够重视。由于卫星SST产品反演噪声的影响和实测数据的缺乏等原因,目前对卫星SST场空间精细度的研究受到较大限制。本研究开发了一套估算卫星SST场空间精细度的方法,将Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership卫星Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(Suomi-NPP/VIIRS)和NOAA-15卫星Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(NOAA-15/AVHRR)Level-2 SST场的空间能量谱与长时间在同一航线反复观测的高空间分辨率实测海温数据的空间能量谱进行了比较。研究发现VIIRS SST场夜间沿扫描方向在1.5~50 km尺度对海表温度空间能量的分布特征和变化趋势描述准确,日变化导致VIIRS白天场次中尺度空间谱能量相对夜晚有所增加。AVHRR SST场空间谱能量在次中尺度相比VIIRS有较大升高。     

Mapping land degradation by comparison of vegetation production to spatially derived estimates of potential production

There is an urgent need for quantitative methods by which actual, as opposed to potential degradation can be mapped using spatially consistent criteria for large regions. This study tested the Local NPP Scaling (LNS) method, where the growth season sum NDVI (∑NDVI), a surrogate for productivity, of each pixel was expressed relative to the highest values (90th percentile) of ∑NDVI observed in all pixels falling within the same land capability unit (LCU). The objective of this study was to determine if the LNS approach can be used to map degraded areas: (i) by determining if areas with low LNS values co-occur with degraded areas mapped with Landsat TM and (ii) testing the persistence of these areas over multiple years. Most of the areas with low LNS values did coincide with degraded areas, with the exception of four LCUs, which either contained steep precipitation gradients or landscape variability, which probably obscured the human impacts. The performance of the LNS method is therefore largely determined by the level of detail of the stratification data (e.g. LCUs) used. The conclusion is that the LNS method is a valuable tool for mapping land degradation at a regional scale.     

中天山北坡草地生物量估产模型研究

分别对草甸、草原和荒漠3种草地类型进行了生物量的实测工作。根据同步的MODIS与AVHRR资料,应用ENVI软件提取出这两种传感器在3种草地类型上的植被指数：NDVI和RVI。经过统计分析得到两种传感器在3种草地类型上的生物量模型,从而建立起MODIS植被指数与草地生物量的相关关系,并对MODIS和AVHRR植被指数估产模型进行了评价与分析。     

大型水体在干旱遥感监测业务中的应用

应用NOAA极轨气象卫星AVHRR资料，通过遥感图像分析和计算洪泽湖、高邮湖、骆马湖以及微山湖等大型河湖水体面积的变化，来监测苏北干旱的发生、发展和旱情严重程度，并及时应用于气象业务和服务中，取得了较好的社会经济效益。     

Sea surface temperature trends in Kuwait Bay,Arabian Gulf

The magnitude 8.1 earthquake and subsequent tsunami killed 52 people when it hit the Solomon Islands on 2 April 2007. That number would have likely been considerably higher were it not for the appropriate reaction of the indigenous coastal populations and a helpful physical geography. Buffering coral reefs reflected some wave energy back to sea, reducing the power of the wave. Hills a short distance behind the coastal villages provided accessible havens. Despite this beneficial physiography, immigrant populations died at disproportionately high rates in comparably damaged areas because they did not recognize the signs of the impeding tsunami. The indigenous population of Tapurai, which lacks a steep barrier reef to reflect the incoming energy, experienced a much more powerful wave, and the population suffered heavy losses. Indigenous knowledge as an integral tool in basin wide tsunami warning systems has the potential to mitigate disasters in the near field. Community-based disaster management plans must be cognizant of educating diverse populations that have different understandings of their environment.     

NOAA/AVHRR的分裂窗算法在地表温度反演中的应用

以吉林西部为研究区域,建立以NOAA／AVHRR卫星资料进行地表温度反演的参数化模型。利用2000年7月5日的AVHRR资料,在4种常见地表温度反演分裂窗算法的对比分析基础上,选用Coil和Caselles提出的分裂窗算法,获得研究区地表温度,为地表蒸发量遥感计算提供必要的地球物理参数。     

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AVHRR MEASUREMENTS FOR SOME GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OVER THE WEST OF CHINA

In this paper,some characteristics of the AVHRR measurements(spectral reflectances,vegetation index and window brightnesses)are analysed for several representative regions(50×50 km~2)with different underlying surfaces based on the AVHRR data of NOAA-7 passing thewest of China in the summer of 1983 and1984.     

浙江近海夏季上升流的遥感观测与分析

利用2004年5-10月NOAA/AVHRR的SST资料和MODIS(SeaWiFS)的叶绿素浓度资料研究浙江沿岸上升流的短周期变化,并结合同期的QuikSCAT风场资料,分析西南季风对上升流的影响.遥感观测结果表明,夏季研究海域内分布有两处上升流,浙江沿岸上升流位于29°-31°N,121.5°-123°E,核心区位于30°N附近,长江口上升流位于31°-32°N,122.5°-124°E,核心区大约在31.5°N附近,两者经常连在一起并呈长舌状分布在浙江沿岸,其沿西南一东北走向两侧具有明显的海洋锋现象.研究海域内低温海水约24-27℃,平均温度约25℃,低温区面积约10000一16000km2,平均面积约13690km2.2004年上升流季节变化明显,6月份出现在海面,7-8月份达到强盛期,9月份上升流开始衰退直至消失.叶绿素浓度结果表明,浙江近海分布有高叶绿素浓度,SST低温区与高Chl-a区在时间、位置和形状上保持较好的一致性.同期海面风场表明,上升流强盛期,海面多盛行偏南风,相反,则盛行偏北风.沿岸风的变化是研究海域内上升流发生短期变化的一个重要因子.     

On the benefits of using a high-resolution mesoscale model to improve wind field for the study of upwelling off the Indian coasts

Abstract

Upwelling favourable winds along the Indian coasts were studied using a high-resolution (9 km grid) atmospheric mesoscale model (MM5) reanalysis from 1 to 5 June 2006, off the west coast of India and from 5 to 10 December 2005, off the east coast of India. Model winds are verified with satellite winds at two areas. Model wind hind-casts from the above periods reveal narrow bands (about 10×50 km) of strong winds to the coast and adjacent to the major coastal promontories. These bands, which are sub-grid scale in operational models, were capable of generating local upwelling greater than 10 m/s. Both the mean and spatial components of the model alongshore wind increase by a factor of 3 to 4 from the south to the north along the west coast, and by a factor of 2 to 3 from the north to the south along the east coast of India. Wind field increases will drive enhanced ocean upwelling along the west coast of India, and the new hypothesis suggests that the variations in local wind may contribute to the coastal upwelling in this region.