自杀者的童年阴影

来自加拿大麦吉尔大学的一个研究小组发现，那些以自杀来结束生命的人的大脑与正常人的大脑有很大不同。即使“自杀者”大脑和“非自杀者”大脑在基因序列上差别不大，它们在“表观遗传标记”方面却存在明显不同。表观遗传学研究的是基因功能的改变，而这种改变并不涉及DNA序列的变化。遗传自父母的DNA，其序列在人的一生中不会改变，身体各部位的DNA序列相同。     

长牡蛎基因组微卫星引物的开发和特性描述

长牡蛎于20世纪80年代从日本引进中国.在我国,长牡蛎已经成为重要的贝类养殖产业之一.本实验从全基因组上筛查微卫星序列,在微卫星筛查的范围、数目和类型上是传统的富集文库法开发微卫星所无法比拟的.利用基因组微卫星序列总共设计了104对引物,54对引物能扩增出目的片段,其中有34对引物显示多态性扩增,占32.7％,20对引...     

南海和冲绳海槽沉积物的生物标记化合物

本文对南海深海和冲绳海槽二个柱状样进行了正构烷烃、甾烷和萜烷生物标记化合物分布特征的研究。由于它们所处的沉积环境和生源母质上的差异,反映在正构烷烃的CPI值、C_(17)和C_(18)的含量、轻重烃比值、化合物构型的转化、有机质的成熟度和17α(H)-22,29,30-三降藿烷与18α(H)-22,29,30-三降新藿烷的比值等地球化学参数上的差别。冲绳海槽沉积物的多源性决定了其有机组分的特殊性,如生物来源的C_(17)和C_(18)量占有优势,有机碳含量(1.0—1.3％)高于南海样(0.3—1.0％),重排甾烷量少,生物构型的ββ藿烷已转变成地质构型的αβ藿烷和βα型莫烷化合物。     

山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)遗传多样性的RAPD研究

采用RAPD技术 ,分析了日照、厦门沿海花鲈两群体的遗传多样性水平。结果表明 ,31条随机引物共扩增出两地花鲈 45 5条RAPD标记带 ,其中日照群体占 2 63条 ,厦门群体为1 92条 ;45 5条中有 1 84条带为两群体共有。日照群体内遗传相似度I为 0 892 8(差异度为0 1 0 72 ) ,厦门群体I为 0 92 2 5 (差异度为 0 0 775 ) ,而两者群体间的遗传相似度I为 0 8338(遗传距离D =0 1 662 )。两地花鲈在基因组DNA水平上存在较大的遗传差异。利用随机引物S1 1、S42、S45、S5 2和S2 0 3,在花鲈两群体间扩增出 8条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带     

泛长三角区域入境游客空间格局与意象研究

城市是游客活动的重要空间载体,把握游客在城市间流动特征是探究区域城市旅游联系、明确旅游影响区域发展的作用机制与优化未来城市旅游发展布局及策略的前提和基础。本研究借助聚类法、挖掘算法与网络分析法,以地理标记照片为研究对象,对泛长三角区域52个地级城市入境游客空间特征从分布、类型、流动、意象等视角进行分析。结果显示：依据入境游客聚集程度泛长三角区域可被划分为入境旅游核心区、次核心区与边缘区,其中,核心区与区域经济中心高度吻合,次核心区旅游资源特色突出,边缘区旅游发展潜力较高。同时,入境游客流动网络密度由中部核心区向外部边缘区逐渐降低,形成一个包含四等级的网络层级结构。且各省市区域内部入境游客分布与流动也呈现差异化特征,并与各地资源禀赋、经济水平、交通条件和服务接待水平等因素密切相关。最后,入境游客意象分析也在一定程度印证出目的地最本质的地方性特征对入境游客空间分布和流动特征的影响及作用。     

褐藻纲海带目Laminaria属和Saccharina属基于三个分子标记的系统发育分析

In the past two decades, many studies have focused on the classification within genus Laminaria, ultimately trying to divide it into two subgroups or genera: Laminaria and Saccharina. A significant debate still surrounds the question of its division, as the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses that have resulted from the classification studies are based on different taxon sampling, molecular markers, or analysis methods. It is aimed at elucidate the molecular phylogeny within Laminaria and Saccharina. The nine species of Laminariales are sampled from northern Asia and Europe, and 23 new sequences in the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes are determined to identify their taxonomic status. The phylogenetic analyses of 71 species are performed, including representatives from six of the seven families of the order Laminariales, based on three separate data sets. An evidence is provided to strongly support a clear split that maintains the two recognized genera, Laminaria and Saccharina, with Laminaria appearing to be the ancestor group. Further, analyses indicate that all taxa in Saccharina and Laminaria did not form a monophyletic lineage, instead Laminariaceae and Lessoniaceae grouped together interlacedly, and Costariaceae appeared as the sister taxon of the Lessoniaceae–Laminariaceae clade. In the phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial c oxidase I(COI) sequences appeared to be the most credible molecular marker which was more befitting than nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and plastid encoded rbcL for establishment of Laminariales systematics. It is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the order Laminariales, and contributes to an enhanced understanding and estimation of the phylogenetic relationships for the economically important seaweeds, Laminaria and Saccharina.     

基于RDF的大地测量元数据描述和建模

在简要介绍元数据的基础上,主要讨论了一种元数据描述规范——资源描述框架(RDF)。以平面坐标信息为例,应用RDF给出了其有向标记图和RDF模式描述文档,为大地测量数据的网络共享提出了一种元数据描述模型。同时,建立了基于RDF的大地测量元数据应用框架模型。     

日本鳗鲡早期阶段耳石中心核外周标记轮的观察

１９８９年１０月自江苏太湖捕获到日本鳗鲡亲鱼，经暂养、人工催产后孵出 仔鳗。对仔鳗耳石进行观察，发现耳石中心核外周存在标记轮，与１９９０年４月取样 子长江口启东的白仔鳗耳石中心核外周的标记轮比较，两者无显著差别。两者耳石 中心核与其外周标记轮之间都存在两个生长轮。人工培育仔鳗耳石标记轮（第３个 日生长轮）的存在证实了白仔鳗耳石标记轮是第３个日生长轮。     

Genetic variability of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis populations using microsatellite markers

Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were performed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of wild and hatchery samples of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. A group of 200 genotypes belonging to four wild samples, Laizhou (LZ), Weihai (WH), Qingdao (QD), Rizhao (RZ) and one hatchery sample, Mingbo (MB), were screened. All of the ten microsatellite loci screened in this study showed marked polymorphism. A total of 70 different alleles were observed over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.2 to 10.6. The average of expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and from 0.77 to 0.87, respectively. A total of 10, 16, 10, 11 and 5 unique alleles each were found in LZ, WH, QD, RZ and MB populations. The effective number of alleles varied from 2.87 for HSTS_7 to 6.83 for HSTS-h. The number of average genotypes ranged from 6.0 for HSTS_a to 15.4 for HSTS_h. As compared with the wild populations, the hatchery population, MB, showed significant genetic changes such as fewer alleles per locus (P <0.05), a smaller number of low frequency alleles (P <0.05), a small number of unique alleles and a small number of genotypes (P <0.05), all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity.     

四色荧光标记DNA自动测序中一例典型错读码的校正

ＤＮＡ测序是现代分子生物学研究中的重要技术。随着人类基因组计划的实施 ,ＤＮＡ测序技术虽然在原理上没有新突破 ,仍然依赖于Ｓａｎｇｅｒ的酶法 ,但在不断提高自动化程度、降低成本方面取得了很大的进展 ,测序效率目前已有很大提高。大规模测序一个碱基的成本从１９８６年的０．５美元降到目前的约７美分。目前各种ＤＮＡ自动测序技术都是在荧光标记技术的基础上发展起来的。采用荧光标记的自动测序仪已在各个领域被广泛应用。四色荧光标记自动测序采用４种具有不同发射波长的荧光染料标记由聚合链终止反应产生的一系列终止片段 ,经过聚…