应用走航式ADCP测量分析与验证金塘水道的高悬沙浓度

在金塘水道西口门2006年冬季和2007年夏季大、小潮期间应用美国RDI公司生产的300 kHz声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)进行25 h的走航式断面观测,同步采集水样过滤获得悬沙浓度.实测断面流速、流向表明:落潮时流向为东南向,涨潮时分两股,靠近北仑为西南向,靠近金塘岛为西北向;夏季大潮最大流速为260 cm/s,大于冬季大潮;观测期间断面悬沙浓度为0.4～1.5 g/L,冬季大于夏季约0.3～0.5 g/L;ADCP后向散射强度冬季大于夏季约5 dB.应用实测CTD数据进行声吸收系数校正,通过计算,断面后向散射强度分布趋势基本不变.后向散射强度与悬沙浓度成正比,与水深成正比,垂向分布与潮时有关,冬季小潮水深增大时,后向散射强度反而减小.回归ADCP后向散射强度与水样悬沙浓度之间半经验半理论统计关系,发现冬季不成线性关系,夏季成线性关系,且相关性较好,相关系数为0.7,说明夏季较高浓度下后向散射强度可以表示悬沙浓度的大小.夏季大、小潮期间高分辨率的悬沙浓度断面数据分析表明,反演后的悬沙浓度值与流速成正比;近岸悬沙浓度大于断面中部;涨急和落急时同一水深高低含沙量值错落分布,涨憩和落憩则分层明显;大潮悬沙浓度大于小潮流约0.05 g/L.断面两端点反演后的悬沙浓度与实测值比较,呈现半日潮含沙量双峰特征,夏季大潮反演后的悬沙浓度与实测值分布一致,实测值大于0.9 g/L时,两者量值相差大,小潮则拟合很好.因此,应用走航式ADCP测量高悬沙浓度是可行的,它可大大提高测量效率,为获取现场悬沙浓度提供了一种新方法.     

胶州湾水交换及湾口潮余流特征的数值研究

利用基于普林斯顿海洋模式建立的胶州湾及临近海域潮汐潮流数值模型,结合胶州湾口走航式声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)测流资料,研究了胶州湾口的潮(余)流特征,并在潮流模型的基础上耦合建立了水质模块,模拟了胶州湾的水交换过程。考虑M2,S2,K1,O1,M4和MS4六个主要分潮,胶州湾口潮流场的模拟与ADCP观测数据吻合较好。外湾口水道上的潮流非常强,大潮期间观测到201 cm/s的峰值流速。团岛岬角的两侧分别存在一个流向相反的余流涡旋,两涡旋在团岛附近辐合,形成了57 cm/s的离岸强余流。整个胶州湾平均水体存留时间为71 d,平均半交换时间为25 d。胶州湾水体交换能力在空间分布上有很大差异:湾口海域最强,向湾顶逐渐减弱。湾内存在两个弱交换区,分别位于湾的西-西南部和东北端,水体存留时间多超过80 d,湾西局部水域最长达120 d,而半交换时间也大多超过40 d。潮流场的结构、强度,以及与湾口距离的远近是造成湾内水交换能力空间差异的主要原因。     

沙埕港湾口断面潮流及余流特征分析

基于对沙埕港湾口断面的连续走航观测资料,成功构建了沿走航断面的10个站点的连续海流序列,并分析了潮流、余流、潮通量等水文要素。分析结果表明,沙埕港湾口水道潮流类型为正规半日潮流,涨潮最先出现在中下层而落潮最先出现在上层,涨(落)潮转流相差约为30min。水道内潮流为往复流,M2和S2分潮流流速较大,倾角基本沿水道主轴方向。沙埕港湾口断面余流呈2层结构,10m以浅基本为东南向余流流出湾口,核心位于湾口断面南侧。10m以深多为西北向流入湾内,入流核心位于湾口断面中部的底层区域。对潮通量的计算表明,通过湾口进入沙埕港的潮通量约为1.63×108m3。     

基于高频ADCP资料的磨刀门河口羽状流湍流动力特征

利用1 200 kHz的宽频RDI ADCP于2015年7月在磨刀门河口拦门沙前缘的浅水站和沿岸流影响的深水站进行座底观测,采样频率为1 Hz,数据经滤波去噪处理,应用方差方法分析了磨刀门的羽状流湍流动力特征。结果表明,磨刀门河口水流表现出3层流结构,峰值流速出现在表层的羽状流层,深水区雷诺应力量级为10-3~10-5 m2/s2,小于拦门沙前缘的湍流脉动强度;拦门沙前缘和深水区湍流动能密度参数的范围均在0.01~0.6 m2/s2左右,羽状流的湍动能比底边界层高一个数量级。拦门沙前缘羽状流的湍动能生成率量级约为10-3 W/kg,比底层大2~3个量级,且远强于深水区;垂直涡黏系数的大小约为0~0.15 m2/s。总的来说,羽状流表现出层化稳定、混合强烈,以及高的湍动能生成率,为羽状流携带高浊度悬沙离岸远距离搬运提供了湍流动力条件。     

ADCP测量数据深度值的正确解析

介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)测流和测深的基本原理,着重论述了汇整ADCP测量的层深、水深数据的误差来源、判读和校正方法,并给出了实用的计算公式。本文研究的方法对于船载、向下观测的走航、定点ADCP测量深度数据的处理,精确定位海流测量结果、保证海流测量结果反映真实海洋环境状况,具有实际的应用价值,同时能够为锚系ADCP测量层深与水深数据的处理提供可参考的技术依据。     

走航ADCP观测资料质量控制方法及应用

为完善目前走航ADCP观测资料质量控制尚未形成统一流程的问题,将走航ADCP观测资料质量控制归纳为船速获取、声速校正、偏角校正以及剖面数据处理四个主要步骤,并制定了一套较为系统的走航ADCP观测资料质量控制流程。以渤海辽东湾红沿河核电站周边海域船载走航ADCP观测为例,按照提出的流程进行走航ADCP观测资料的质量控制。通过对比原始观测数据,质量控制后的结果表明u分量流速剔除了23.56%的低可信度数据,而v分量流速剔除了25.96%的低可信度数据。10 m与15 m水深处的质量控制前后的流速-频数直方图表明,本文提出的流程能有效地降低观测随机性的影响。     

Analysis on the Circulation of the Yangtze River Estuary Based on ADCP Measurements

According to analysis on field data obtained by ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler),the flow regime of the Yangtze River Estuary is studied by use of a 3-D numerical model.The flow field characteristics,under the influence of Coriolis force,saltwater intrusion and freshwater inflow and tidal current interaction,are depicted in details.The main driving forces and some important effective factors of lateral,longitudinal and horizontal circulation are also analyzed.     

Submesoscale vortex structures at the entrance of the Gulf of Lions in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

The meanders of a baroclinic coastal current in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea have already been reported in the literature. These meanders can be surrounded by vortices. Such vortices have been observed in the western part of the Gulf of Lions but the location and the mechanism of their formation are poorly documented. In this paper, we use the current measurements of a one-year experiment, which was conducted in the eastern part of the Gulf of Lions to detect and characterize the vortex activity. A vortex detection algorithm based on few velocity data was developed. Current measurements were available at the sea surface (HF radars) and in the water column from 50 to 140 m depth (four current meter moorings). SST images and hydrologic data were also used. Results focus on observations that are coherent 50 m and at the surface. Vortices are anticyclonic, of submesoscale size and present maximal velocities of 30–50 cm/s. The drift speed of the vortices is comparable to but less than the velocity of the Northern Current. These observations enable to estimate the minimum vortex occurrence in this area. The presence of vortex structures is strongly correlated with a specific sequence of wind patterns.     

Characteristics of coastal-trapped waves induced by typhoon along the southeast coast of Honshu,Japan

Mooring observations using ADCP, electromagnetic current meters and thermometers were performed to clarify the vertical and horizontal structure of coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) on continental shelf and slope on the eastern side of Sagami Bay, Japan, in August and September 2003. A strong inflow associated with CTW caused by Typhoon 0315 (CTW15) was observed with remarkable downwelling. The maximum current due to CTW15 was over 100 cm s⁻¹, confined to the upper layer shallower than 90 m. The CTW (CTW10) induced by Typhoon 0310, was associated with the coastal upwelling and maximum outflow was 33 cm s⁻¹; the currents were extended near the bottom at 230 m depth. Remarkable discrepancies were found between the current structures of CTWs. CTW15 was explained by superposing the second CTW mode on the first CTW mode, whereas CTW10 was explained by the first CTW mode. The generation and propagation processes of both CTWs were reproduced by numerical experiments using a three-dimensional level model. The model results indicated that the difference of modal characteristics between CTW15 and CTW10 already exists in the CTW generation region and are due to difference of the wind direction, i.e., the typhoon’s path.     

基于声学仪器与粒径分析仪研究东海浮游动物昼夜垂直迁移过程

浮游动物的昼夜迁移活动与其种群变动和摄食节律紧密联系,浮游动物昼夜移动的研究已经成为种群动力学研究的一个重要组成部分。2013年夏季在浙江东部近海,结合声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)和激光粒径分析仪(LISST-100)等仪器进行了一次定点周日连续观测。通过声学反演方法,得到后向散射强度剖面的时间变化,结合LISST-100得到的水体悬浮物粒径谱,研究了浮游动物垂直迁移及其习性。分析发现了可能是精致真刺水蚤的一次昼夜垂直迁移过程,其在夜间进入跃层附近进食,白天蛰伏于底层低温高盐的台湾暖流水中,垂向迁移速度达到了0.05 m/s。LISST-100观测还发现在夜间跃层边界处大粒径颗粒聚集和100～150 μm大小的颗粒物的减少,水体中不同粒径的悬浮颗粒物有明显的昼夜变化节律,推测水体中不同层次生物群落结构存在昼夜差异。