Three-dimensional finite element simulation of fracture propagation in rock specimens with pre-existing fissure(s) under compression and their strength analysis

A FORTRAN program, consistent with the commercially available finite element (FE) code ABAQUS, is developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) linear elastic brittle damage constitutive model with two damage criteria. To consider the heterogeneity of rock, the developed FORTRAN program is used to set the stiffness and strength properties of each element of the FE model following a Weibull distribution function. The reliability of the program is assessed against available experimental results for granite cylindrical specimens with a throughgoing, flat and inclined fissure. The calibration procedure of the material parameters is explained in detail, and it is shown that the compressive to tensile strength ratio can have a substantial influence on the failure response of the specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted for models with different levels of heterogeneity. The results show a smaller load bearing capacity for models with less homogeneity, representing gradual coalescence of fully damaged elements forming throughout the models during loading. The maximum load bearing capacity is studied for various combinations of inclination angles of two centrally aligned, throughgoing and flat fissures of equal length embedded in cylindrical models under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The key role of the compressive to tensile strength ratio is highlighted by repeating certain simulations with a lower compressive to tensile strength ratio. It is proven that the peak loads of the rock models with sufficiently small compressive to tensile strength ratios containing two throughgoing fissures of equal length are similar, provided that the minimum inclination angles of the models are the same. The results are presented and discussed with respect to the existing experimental findings in the literature, suggesting that the numerical model applied in this study can provide useful insight into the failure behaviour of rock-like materials.     

基于场变量的边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法?

有限元强度折减法在实施过程中往往要根据不同的折减系数手工修改输入文件,并不断进行试算,过程较繁琐。为了简化计算过程,提高计算效率,在有限元强度折减法的基础上,结合ABAQUS提供的场变量,提出一种适用于有限元强度折减计算的新方法--基于场变量的有限元强度折减法。通过在ABAQUS中设置岩土体黏聚力与内摩擦角为场变量的函数,场变量为增量步时间t的函数,从而通过控制增量步时间t实现黏聚力与内摩擦角的折减,通过一次计算即可求得边坡的安全系数,无需手工修改折减系数反复试算。结合有关文献对该方法用于边坡稳定分析的可行性进行了验证,并与二分法确定安全系数的计算效率进行了比较。结果表明：该方法求得的安全系数是有效可靠的,用于边坡稳定性的计算是可行的,简化了有限元强度折减法的计算过程,提高了计算效率。     

弹塑性无厚度接触面单元的本构积分算法及验证

对基于理想弹塑性理论框架、屈服准则为Mohr-Coulomb准则、采用非关联流动法则的无厚度接触面单元的本构积分算法进行了探讨,引入非关联的伪屈服函数和伪势函数,提出了将超出屈服面、处于角点应力区的试应力双向返回到屈服面的本构积分算法。据此编制了ABAQUS用户单元子程序,进行了算例验证。结果表明,提出的算法可以较好地实现土与结构物共同作用的有限元数值模拟。     

我国煤层气高效开发关键技术研究进展与发展方向

中国深部煤层气资源丰富,是煤层气进一步开发的重要领域,但深部煤层气地质条件复杂,具有低孔、超低渗特征。在钻井过程中,钻井液进入储层易造成近井污染,常规水力压裂技术趋于在最大水平主应力方向造缝,全井眼的解堵困难。激光热裂技术具有短时间破裂岩石、同时通过机械设备调控能自由改变激光照射角度,形成径向裂缝、解决近井污染等优势。使用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立激光热裂煤层模型,探讨激光热裂机理及激光工艺参数的影响。分析裂缝长度与数量的变化规律,优选出解决现场近井污染区域的最佳激光参数。结果表明：(1) 激光照射热裂煤层是使煤层表面存在温差而产生热应力导致煤层破裂。(2) 裂缝数量与激光功率、激光照射煤层的时间呈正相关,激光功率由400 W增大到1 000 W时,裂缝数量由10条增加到37条;激光功率600 W时,照射时间由1 s增至15 s,裂缝数量由24条增至36条;裂缝数量与激光频率呈负相关,随着激光照射煤层距离增大先增大后减小,照射距离为10 cm时产生裂缝数量最多。(3) 裂缝长度与激光功率、照射煤层时间以及激光频率呈正相关,与照射煤层距离呈负相关,其中激光照射时间影响最明显,照射时间1 s时裂缝长度为1.52 mm,照射时间增加到5 s时裂缝长度激增为57.6 mm。以陕西韩城深部取心样品为例,激光热裂深部煤层2 m范围内的近井污染最佳激光功率为20 kW,最佳激光照射时间为2 280 s。相较于水力压裂,激光热裂煤层能形成更加复杂的裂缝,但形成的裂缝长度较小,实际应用中,建议将水力压裂技术与激光热裂技术相结合,以实现解堵和增渗的目的。

     

Assessment of railway vibrations using an efficient scoping model

Vibration assessments are required for new railroad lines to determine the effect of vibrations on local communities. Low accuracy assessments can significantly increase future project costs in the form of further detailed assessment or unexpected vibration abatement measures.This paper presents a new, high accuracy, initial assessment prediction tool for high speed lines. A key advantage of the new approach is that it is capable of including the effect of soil conditions in its calculation. This is novel because current scoping models ignore soil conditions, despite such characteristics being the most dominant factor in vibration propagation. The model also has zero run times thus allowing for the rapid assessment of vibration levels across rail networks.First, the development of the new tool is outlined. It is founded upon using a fully validated three dimensional finite element model to generate synthetic vibration records for a wide range of soil types. These records are analysed using a machine learning approach to map relationships between soil conditions, train speed and vibration levels. Its performance is tested through the prediction of two independent international vibration metrics on four European high speed lines and it is found to have high prediction accuracy.A key benefit from this increased prediction accuracy is that it potentially reduces the volume of detailed vibration analyses required for a new high speed train line. This avoids costly in-depth studies in the form of field experiments or large numerical models. Therefore the use of the new tool can result in cost savings.     

裂纹扩展过程的动态仿真技术

岩石断裂力学在岩土工程领域应用越来越广泛,其数值模拟技术是研究的主要方向之一,也是制约断裂力学发展的瓶颈。基于扩展有限元思想,依托ABAQUS用户子单元二次开发技术,引入Heaviside函数模拟不连续位移场,采用裂尖 逼近函数模拟裂尖位移场,通过J积分求解裂尖的应力强度因子（SIF）,最后采用最大周向应力准则,预测裂纹扩展方向,实现了裂纹动态演化过程的扩展有限元数值模拟。通过3个经典断裂力学模型,对比了计算值与理论值,验证了所开发程序的适用性和有效性     

超载预压加固软土路基效果数值分析

利用超载预压法处理软土地基,在确定超载预压高度与预压时间时,很少考虑软土蠕变的影响。结合武英高速公路软土路基处理工程实例,考虑软土蠕变特性,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对超载预压软土路基中超载预压高度与沉降关系、超载预压高度与超载预压时间关系进行计算,并与实测结果对比分析。结果表明,软土路基超载预压沉降分析中考虑软土蠕变是必要的,软土路基的沉降随着超载预压高度的增加而增大。在一定范围内,随着超载预压高度的增加,超载预压时间越短,但二者并非线性关系。在路基稳定的前提下,存在一个最佳的超载预压高度,使得超载预压时间最短。     

建(构)筑物控制爆破拆除的仿真模拟

介绍了在ABAQUS有限元框架内,建（构）筑物爆破拆除仿真模拟的基本方法。提出了爆破缺口高度的确定方法、结构坍塌的力学判据与结构的离散化方法,利用ABAQUS有限元软件的非线性瞬态显式动力学模块模拟结构的失稳及倒塌过程,并用该方法对一个拆除爆破实例进行了仿真模拟。模拟结果表明,结构的坍塌过程及爆堆形状与实际接近。     

海底钻机的高可靠绳索取心钻具的结构优化与仿真分析

以提高绳索取心钻具在海底钻机上应用的工作可靠性,依据海底环境的特殊性,从提高单动机构的单动性能和悬挂机构的工作可靠性两方面着手,对钻具的单动机构展开结构优化并利用ABAQUS仿真分析手段对悬挂机构进行数值仿真分析。结果表明：经改进后的单动机构能够抑制海水的腐蚀效应,改善芯轴的定心效果,提高运转灵活性;经改进后的悬挂机构能够降低在频繁使用过程中其关键零部件发生塑性变形的风险,提高悬挂机构的工作可靠性。研究成果可为相关钻具设计提供理论支撑。     

A Model Test on the Behavior of a Static Drill Rooted Nodular Pile Under Compression

A static drill rooted nodular pile is a new type of composite pile foundation with high bearing capacity, and mud emissions can be largely reduced using the static drill rooted method. This report presents a model test on the behavior of this composite pile in a test box. The load-displacement response, axial force, skin friction, and mobilized base load are discussed in the report; in particular, the force in the cemented soil was investigated based on the measured data. Moreover, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to help investigate this behavior more thoroughly. It was determined that the function of the cemented soil around the pile shaft was different from that at the enlarged pile base; the stress in the cemented soil around the shaft increased suddenly when nearing the pile base; the ultimate skin friction obtained in the model test was larger than that estimated in the field test; and the relative displacement between the precast nodular pile and the cemented soil could be ignored during the loading process, which corresponded to the result of the field test and demonstrated that the nodular pile and cemented soil act as one entity during the loading process.