青藏高原黑碳气溶胶传输及沉降的季节特征模拟分析

根据全球气溶胶气候模式GEM-AQ/EC的1995~2004年模拟,分析了青藏高原大气黑碳气溶胶的来源、传输及沉降季节特征。研究表明:青藏高原黑碳气溶胶主要来自自由对流层和大气边界层的输送。相对于自由对流层的黑碳输送,紧邻青藏高原的南亚、东亚以及东南亚大气边界层的输送更有效,它形成了青藏高原由北向南、自西往东黑碳气溶胶浓度和沉降明显递增的基本分布形态。横跨欧亚大陆自由对流层的黑碳气溶胶由西向东向青藏高原的输送全年不变,夏季输送路径最北但强度最弱,冬季路径最南而强度最强。大气边界层黑碳气溶胶的输送受控于亚洲季风环流变化,来自南亚的黑碳气溶胶在春季越过孟加拉湾传输进入高原东南部,夏季则可翻越喜马拉雅山抵达青藏高原南部腹地;同时我国中部排放的黑碳气溶胶也在东亚夏季风向北扩展中驱动它从东向西往青藏高原东北部传输。从秋季到冬季,随着夏季风撤退,南亚黑碳源区向青藏高原传输衰退,东亚冬季风的反气旋性环流的南侧及西南侧的偏东风携带秋季我国东南部源区和冬季东南亚源区黑碳气溶胶向青藏高原东南部传输。受青藏高原明显的暖湿季和干冷季气候影响,干湿沉降分别主导了青藏高原冬季和夏季黑碳沉降,夏季青藏高原黑碳气溶胶沉降总量大多超过8~10 kg·km-2,在高原东北部的最高值超过40 kg·km-2。冬季青藏高原黑碳气溶胶沉降量最低,大部地区黑碳沉降低于5 kg·km-2。青藏高原黑碳沉降的冬夏季节相差约为2~8倍。     

Pulsations in subdwarf B stars

Subdwarf B stars play a significant role in close binary evolution and in the hot star content of old stellar populations, in particular in giant elliptical galaxies. While the question of their origin poses several problems for stellar evolution theory, one of their most fascinating properties is the presence of multi-periodic 2–3 minute oscillations. Interpreting these oscillations optimally requires the correct identification of the modes. Partial identifications can be obtained using high-speed observations of radial velocity and colour variations. We review some of the several attempts to make such observations, most recently with the Multi-Site Spectroscopic Telescope campaign and withULTRACAM.     

几种抗菌药物对马氏珠母贝壳顶幼虫的毒性试验

几种抗菌药物对壳顶幼虫的毒性试验结果表明：（１）以９６ｈ平均日生长率作为药物对幼虫毒性的观察指标，求出日生长率仅为对照组一半时的药物浓度（９６ＴＬＭ）及安全浓度（ＳＤ）如下：氯霉素６９×１０－６、６．９×１０－６；呋喃西林７２×１０－６、７．２×１０－６；百炎净７７×１０－６、７．７×１０－６；红霉素９７×１０－６、９．７×１０－６；硫酸链霉素４８×１０－６、４．８×１０－６；青霉素钠大于１００×１０－６、１０×１０－６。（２）１３×１０－６的呋喃西林、１３×１０－６的红霉素、１３×１０－６的青霉素钠对幼虫生长均有促进作用。（３）各试验组随药物浓度递增，幼虫活动逐渐被抑制；摄食率及眼点率逐渐下降。高浓度红霉素对摄食的抑制作用最强。     

冀中坳陷武清凹陷苏50井石炭-二叠纪煤系的成烃演化

基于对武清凹陷苏50井的石炭-二叠纪煤系的构造—埋藏史研究,结合磷灰石裂变径迹测试及矿物包裹体分析,运用EASY%Ro数值模拟技术,研究了苏50井石炭-二叠系烃源岩的生烃演化历史,揭示了苏50井处石炭-二叠系烃源岩曾发生过3次重要的生烃作用过程,分别发生在海西-印支期、燕山期与喜马拉雅晚期,主要生烃作用发生在喜马拉雅晚期,并指出武清凹陷是华北石炭-二叠系煤成气勘探的有利地区之一。     

地理国情监测与1∶50000地形数据库更新两者之间的作业模式相关性研究

结合地理国情监测与1∶50 000地形数据库更新的各作业工序,将可协同作业的部分提炼出来,以期为两个项目的顺利开展提供技术支撑。     

Lessons learned from the 2013 Calgary flood: Assessing risk of drinking water well contamination

A devastating flood occurred in southern Alberta on June 19, 2013, from greater than normal snowfalls in the Rocky Mountains and excess precipitation during the early spring that left soils saturated and unable to absorb any additional precipitation. This flood was Canada's most costly natural disaster, with five to six billion Canadian dollars in damages. The first objective of this study was to determine if the flood caused an increase in private drinking water well contamination in the Calgary Health Zone by comparing contamination rates to previous years. The second objective was to determine which environmental factors were associated with contamination during this flood event. Test results of total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) of private water wells were used to determine contamination. A geographically weighted Poisson regression analysis suggested that TC contamination was not associated with this flood. The EC contamination is positively associated with floodways, flood fringe, farms, and negatively associated with intermittent water (sloughs). These results suggest that for the 2013 flood, individual well characteristics are more important than surrounding geographic features. Thus, it is recommended that homeowners who live in a high-risk area ensure their wells are properly maintained to reduce risk of water well contamination.     

泥蚶及菲律宾蛤仔对环境中氨的耐受力

本文对泥蚶成贝、幼贝,菲律宾蛤仔成贝、幼贝的未离解氨氮 168h LCD_(50),EC_(50)(降低耐低氧环境能力50%的浓度)进行了试验,并对氨的致死和亚致死浓度与内湾养虾水域(乳山东湾)、试验虾池及利用虾池水的试验贝池底质环境的氨氮水平作了概略评价。     

大叶藻(Zostera marina)的热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性

选取辽宁獐子岛近岸海域大叶藻样品,对其须根、根状茎和不同生长阶段叶片的灰分含量、热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性进行研究,结果表明:在不同生长阶段,叶片长度随着生长顺序先增大后减小;灰分含量随着叶片生长逐渐升高,且极显著小于根状茎和须根(P0.01);不同部位干质量热值差异极显著(P0.01),以初生叶最高,为(14.89±0.040)k J/g,后逐渐减小,在须根中最小,为(8.15±0.079)k J/g;不同生长阶段叶片的去灰分热值差异不大,但极显著大于须根和根状茎(P0.01);碳、氮、磷含量均呈同一趋势:初生叶幼叶成熟叶1成熟叶2衰老叶根状茎须根;N/P比值为27.08,说明大叶藻存在P限制;N/P比值在根状茎中最大,须根中最小,这说明大叶藻存在能量的转移和存贮;大叶藻不同部位灰分含量与干质量热值、去灰分热值、碳含量、氮含量、磷含量之间呈极显著的负相关(P0.01),干质量热值与碳含量、氮含量、磷含量之间呈极显著的正相关(P0.01);大叶藻不同部位的热值与碳、氮、磷元素含量之间均呈显著的线性关系(P0.05)。     

A model of sand transport in Treporti channel: northern Venice lagoon

The origin of the sands in the Venice lagoon has been the subject of an extensive field survey in parallel with numerical modelling. Four transects along Treporti and Burano canals were conducted from which 33 bottom sediment samples were collected. These samples were analysed for grain size and sorting to examine any trends in the granulometry of these sediments that might shed light on transport paths. The modelling study consists of three parts: the sediment transport model sedtrans96 was used with a finite-element hydrodynamic model (Shyfem) and an empirical wave model (US Army Corps of Engineering) to simulate sand transport in the Treporti canal. A type of link box model was created where finite elements of the hydrodynamic model have been combined to macro-boxes on which the water and sediment flux over the sections, and a mass balance has been computed. Several grain size classes were simulated; the distributions before and after the simulation were examined. Idealised wind and tidal values were initially used to force 12 h simulations to test the sediment transport sensitivity. Finally, a full-year simulation (1987) has been carried out using measured tidal and wind data. Only a part of Venice lagoon was covered by the simulation: a major channel (Treporti) running from Lido inlet towards the northern lagoon. The total sand transport through all of the sections was computed for 1 year. Sediment mass balance was determined, and the resulting trends of erosion and deposition were computed. There were no trends in the median grain diameter and sorting of bottom samples from the Treporti canal; all sands were fine (120 μm, one outlier of 300 μm was removed). The absence of a trend in grain size suggests that there is no significant import of sand to the lagoon through the Lido inlet. The results from the simulations seem therefore to confirm the hypothesis of reworking of sand within the lagoon. The computed erosion is some centimeters per year diagnostic of channel scouring and enlargement with time. The Treporti canal is subject to strong current velocities of around 1 m/s, which hold fine sand in suspension and thus prevent sedimentation.     

Characteristics and Environmental Significance of pH and EC in Summer Rainfall and Shallow Firn Profile at Yulong Snow Mountain,Lijiang City,China

The seasonal and inter-annual variations of pH and EC(electrical conductivity) at Yu-long(玉龙) Snow Mountain,Lijiang(丽江) City,are sensitive to precipitation variations and are important indicators of the atmospheric environment.The pH of summer rainfall at Lijiang City ranges from 6.7 to 7.4,and alkaline mineral salts dominate the variations of rainfall acidity.pH values in theshallow firn profile at Baishui(白水) Glacier No.1 range from 5.6 to 6.3,and EC values from 2.4 to 7.3 μs/cm.The ranges are lower than ...