同水平完全疏干法在张马屯铁矿脉管式径流中的应用效果

张马屯铁矿为一夕卡岩型磁铁矿床,水文地质条件极其复杂,单一的防治水方法难以达到采矿生产的要求。在长期探索矿山防治水的基础上,采用同水平疏干法对张马屯铁矿地下水脉管式径流进行试验,取得了完全疏干的效果,为深井大水矿山探索出一条综合治理的途径。     

基于RT-P P P技术的船体及浮标定位系统

高精度GNSS定位是海上勘探作业质量保障的核心技术之一。随着海洋石油勘探作业逐步走向深海领域,传统的岸基差分定位,由于需要依靠岸台基准站向船上发送差分信号,已无法满足远海定位的需求。本文通过对中海油田服务股份有限公司自主研发的"海星"船体以及浮标定位系统进行研究,提出了一种基于实时精密单点定位RT-PPP技术的坐标解算方法;并进行了陆地静态试验及海上拖缆地震勘探作业动态试生产实验。实验结果表明,系统的定位精度均优于1 m,系统的定位精度及可靠性能够满足海上拖缆地震勘探作业需要。     

2DOF numerical investigation of a planing vessel in head sea waves in deep and shallow water conditions

Analysis of a craft with two degrees of freedom (2DOF) consumes time more than simulation of a craft with a fixed trim condition; therefore in most of the previous researches fixed trim condition is taken into account to analyze the flow field around a craft in shallow water and head sea wave conditions. In this paper numerical simulation of Reynolds Average Naiver Stokes (RANS) equations are used to analyze the motion of DTMB 62 model 4667-1 planing vessel in calm water and head sea waves in both deep and shallow water with two degrees of freedom (heave and pitch). For this purpose, a finite volume ANSYS-FLUENT code is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for the simulation of the flow field around the vessel. In addition, an explicit VOF scheme and SST k-ω model is used with dynamic mesh scheme to capture the interface of a two-phase flow and to model the turbulence respectively in the 2DOF model.Regarding the results, reducing the wavelength and also the depth of the water can increase the drag force. Also comparing the results of a fixed trim vessel with the results of a free to sink and trim one in calm water shows a difference of approximately 50% in the drag force in shallow water.     

海上无动力船舶漂移轨迹模型及其在“桑吉”油轮漂移模拟中的应用

无动力或破损的船舶在海上自由漂移对海上的各项生产活动是一个巨大的危险。通过对海上漂浮的船舶进行受力分析,考虑船舶的外形特征及漂浮状态,建立了海上船舶漂移轨迹模型,对船舶海面以上与以下侧向投影面积之比(面积比)、风拖曳系数、流拖曳系数等参数均进行了敏感性分析,并针对2018年1月6日爆燃的"桑吉"油轮漂移轨迹开展了模拟应用。结果表明该模型针对不同类型海上船舶的漂移轨迹有一定合理的模拟能力,船舶面积比是准确模拟漂移轨迹的一个重要参数,同时,该模型对风拖曳系数、流拖曳系数较为敏感。针对"桑吉"油轮的模拟,科氏力的作用不可忽视,考虑科氏力作用后漂移轨迹的模拟效果得到了很好的改善。     

新型双船起重拆除平台试验研究

拆除大型海上结构物是一项非常复杂且充满挑战的工程。现提出一种新型海上平台拆除方案,该方案利用三条半潜船来代替具有重型起重装置的单一船舶,通过两艘相同的半潜船将平台上层建筑托起,随后运至第三艘半潜船上完成平台拆除。在风浪流作用下,半潜船和平台的所处方位和运动姿态一直处于动态变化中,这对船舶调节压载的稳定性以及双船运动的同步性提出了要求。为了确保该方案的高效性和安全性,设计了一套完整的模型试验装置,包括船舶模型、平台拆卸辅助设备、六自由度运动采集与分析系统、控制系统、无线通讯系统以及测量系统。开展了相应的水池试验,试验结果验证了双船起重拆除平台方案中双船协同运输这一关键环节的可行性和安全性。     

Fisher's behaviour with individual vessel quotas—Over-capacity and potential rent: Five case studies

Internationally, individual vessel quotas (IVQ) have become an increasingly popular management tool. The main attraction of IVQs is the incentives they create for cost savings, autonomous capacity adjustment and, subsequently, rent generation. In this paper, the extent to which different IVQ systems have facilitated resource rent generation and capacity adjustment in five European countries—Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and the UK—is examined. The potential economic rents and the capacity reduction necessary to achieve these rents in each of the fisheries are also estimated. Reasons why IVQs have not achieved their potential economic benefits in these fisheries are also examined.