内蒙古东乌旗泥盆纪塔尔巴格特组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗地区是中国北方造山带内泥盆系最为发育地区之一。前人运用古生物化石确定了该区泥盆纪地层的相对年代,但缺少精确的同位素年龄。本文采用LA-ICP-MS测年技术,对发育在泥盆纪塔尔巴格特组上部的凝灰岩夹层进行了锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为380.8±1.6 Ma(MSWD=2.7),确定其时代为晚泥盆世早期,为本区泥盆系提供了精确的年代学数据。结合古生物化石组合资料,将塔尔巴格特组时代确定为中泥盆世吉维特期—晚泥盆世弗拉期。     

新疆东天山哈尔里克奥陶纪的构造属性:来自火山岩LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年代学与地球化学的制约

新疆东天山哈尔里克造山带火山岩为一套酸性—基性岩(流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩、玄武岩)夹火山碎屑岩(凝灰岩)的岩石组合。流纹岩样品的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年结果显示,时代为中奥陶世大坪期((4688±91) Ma),代表了该套火山岩的形成年龄。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,该套火山岩SiO2含量介于4912%～7824%,TiO2介于012%～100%,Al2O3介于1131%～2086%;铝饱和指数A/CNK值为080～131(均值为099),里特曼指数σ值为019～386(均值为129),Mg#值为887～4929(均值为3120);富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba、Rb以及轻稀土元素(∑LREE)La、Ce,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti等。微量元素和稀土元素的相关图解与比值以及发育的捕获锆石反映了俯冲带岛弧钙碱性火山岩特征,且存在大陆地壳混染作用。综合区域地质资料分析,在早古生代期间(中奥陶世—早志留世),哈尔里克造山带存在大面积的与岛弧演化有关的加里东期岩浆活动,此期间哈尔里克造山带的构造背景为洋壳俯冲有关的岛弧环境,其形成可能与东准噶尔南部克拉麦里洋向南俯冲作用有关。     

北秦岭西段黄牛铺岩体锆石U Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

对北秦岭西段黄牛铺岩体进行了LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年代学与岩石地球化学分析。结果显示,黄牛铺岩体的锆石U Pb年龄为(4493±49) Ma,表明其形成时代为晚奥陶世。黄牛铺岩体属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,在成因类型上具有I型花岗岩的岩石矿物学与地球化学特征,其稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损(LREE/HREE=983~1155)、铕弱负异常(δEu=082~095)的右倾型,微量元素Rb、Th、U、Sm等富集,Ta、Nb、Ti、Hf等明显亏损,表现为岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。结合区域地质资料,认为黄牛铺岩体形成于晚奥陶世商丹洋俯冲过程中的岛弧环境,是壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物,这为进一步研究北秦岭的构造演化过程提供了更加充分准确的岩浆活动证据。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of the Berezitovoe Polymetallic Gold Deposit in Eastern Siberia, Russia and its Geological Significance

The Berezitovoe deposit is a large-sized Au-Ag-Zn-Pb deposit in the east of the SelengaStanovoi superterrane, Russia. Au-Ag orebodies are hosted by tourmaline-garnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks; Zn-Pb orebodies are hosted by granodiorites, porphyritic granites and tourmalinegarnet-quartz-muscovite metasomatic rocks. These orebodies are surrounded by wall rocks dominated by the Tukuringra Complex granodiorites, porphyritic granites, and gneissic granodiorites. The alteration includes silicification and garnet, sericitization chloritization, carbonatization and kaollinization. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the gold mineralization can be divided into two stages in the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit(at 363.5 ± 1.5 Ma, and133.4± 0.5).Hornblende-plagioclase gneisses of the Mogocha Group in the study area underwent Paleoproterozoic metamorphism(at 1870 ± 7.8 and 2400 ± 13 Ma), gneissic granodiorite of the Tukuringra Complex yields a late Paleozoic magmatic age(at 379.2 ± 1.1 Ma),and subalkaline porphyritic granitoid of the Amudzhikan Complex yield late Mesozoic magmatic ages(133-139 and 150-163 Ma). Granodiorites of the Tukuringra Complex in the study area have high concentrations of SiO_2(average of 60.9 wt%), are aluminum-oversaturated(average A/CNK of 1.49), are enriched in the large ion lithophile elements(e.g.,K, Rb, and Ba), U, Th, and Pb, are depleted in high field strength elements(e.g., Ta, Nb, and Ti), and have slightly negative Eu and no Ce anomalies in chondrite-normalized rare earth element diagrams.Fluid inclusions from quartz veins include three types: aqueous two-phase, CO_2-bearing three-phase,and pure CO_2. Aqueous two-phase inclusions homogenize at 167℃-249℃ and have salinities of 4.32%-9.47% NaCl equivalent, densities of 0.86-0.95 g/cm~3, and formed at depths of 0.52-0.94 km. In comparison, the C0_2-bearing three-phase inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 265℃-346℃,salinities of 7.14%-11.57% NaCl equivalent, and total densities of 0.62-0.67 g/cm~3. The geochemical and zircon U-Pb data and the regional tectonic evolution of the study area, show that the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit formed in an island arc or active continental margin setting, most probably related to late Paleozoic subduction of Okhotsk Ocean crust beneath the Siberian Plate.     

Change of Organic δ13C in Ornithogenic Sediments of the Xisha Archipelago, South China Sea and its Implication for Ecological Development

Organic carbon isotopes in sediments have been frequently used to identify the source of organic matter.Here we present a study of organic δ~(13)C on two sediment profiles influenced by guano from Guangjin and Jinqing islands in the Xisha Archipelago,South China Sea.Organic matter from ornithogenic coral sand sediments has two main sources,guano pellets and plant residues,and their organic δ~(13)C(δ~(13)C_(OM)) are significantly different.Organic carbon δ~(13)C_(guano) is much higher thanδ~(13)C_(plants),and δ~(13)C_(OM)of bulk samples is intermediate.Based on a two-end-member mixing model,the proportions of guano-and plant-derived organic matter in the bulk samples were reconstructed quantitatively.The results showed that seabirds began to inhabit the islands around approximately1200-1400 AD,and that guano pellets have been an important source of soil organic matter since then.With the accumulation of guano-derived nutrients,plants began to develop prosperously on the islands in the last 200 years,which is reflected by the significant increase of plant-derived organic matter in the upper sediment layer.However,guano-derived organic matter decreased greatly in recent decades,indicating a rapid decrease in seabird population.Our results show that organic δ~(13)C can be effectively used to quantitatively determine different source contributions of OM to bulk ornithogenic coral sand sediments.     

铼-锇同位素体系定年研究综述

铼-锇(Re-Os)同位素体系以其特殊的地球化学性质为确定岩石的形成时间、演化过程及其地球动力学背景提供了重要参数。随着测试技术和超净化实验室的发展,Re-Os同位素的应用领域不断扩大,测试对象种类也随之扩展。然而,不同测试对象的Re-Os同位素赋存形式、活动特征及其体系封闭性有所差异。文章总结了以辉钼矿、普通硫化物、地幔橄榄岩包体、富有机质沉积岩以及灰岩作为Re-Os同位素体系定年对象的基本原理和研究进展,并对存在问题进行简要地评述,最后对其未来的发展方向作了展望,以期推动Re-Os同位素体系在地质科学中的研究和应用。     

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦都兰铜矿床地质和地球化学特征及其意义

内蒙古巴彦都兰铜矿床位于二连—东乌旗成矿带,该矿区出露下泥盆统泥鳅河组粉砂岩和海西中期黑云母花岗岩体,铜矿体呈脉状产出于泥鳅河组粉砂岩中,严格受断裂控制。主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英和碳酸盐岩等。矿区黑云母花岗岩La-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238) U加权平均年龄为303.5 Ma±1.1 Ma,铜矿床属于晚古生代构造-岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征反映黑云母花岗岩属准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值介于0.99~1.04之间,高碱(w(K_2O+Na_2O)=7.36%~8.73%),富钾(w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)=1.08~1.66),其形成具有岛弧或后碰撞环境I型花岗岩特征;微量元素特征显示岩体可能形成于后碰撞伸展阶段早期的构造环境中。黄铜矿硫同位素组成介于0.1×10~(-3)~2.1×10~(-3)之间,反映成矿所需的硫可能来自于岩浆,巴彦都兰铜矿区花岗岩很可能是成矿硫的提供者。     

青海泽多桌肉地区花岗闪长岩与暗色包体地球化学特征及成因

青海泽多桌肉地区花岗闪长岩中发育大量暗色闪长质包体。通过对花岗闪长岩(寄主岩石)与暗色包体的地球化学研究发现,花岗闪长岩(寄主岩石)的SiO_2含量为w(SiO_2)=61.61%~68.80%,A/CNK=0.91~0.99,属于偏铝质钙碱性花岗岩特征;暗色包体中发育针状磷灰石,暗色包体的SiO_2含量为w(SiO_2)=52.66%~66.99%,碱度率AR=2.08~2.26(大于1),里特曼指数σ=1.89~8.67,固结指数SI=16~24.74,属过铝质钙碱性花岗岩。稀土元素分析显示,花岗闪长岩稀土总量w(ΣREE)=117.44×10~(-6)~265.68×10~(-6);暗色包体稀土总量w(ΣREE)=184.05×10~(-6)~342.11×10~(-6),总量高于寄主岩石;暗色包体和寄主花岗岩有着相似的稀土元素配分模式,显示轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏明显的特征。微量元素分析显示,暗色包体微量元素的分布型式与寄主岩微量元素特征基本一致,大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf相对亏损,反映了岩浆混合作用的特征。在花岗闪长岩中获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为202.49 Ma±0.63 Ma,属晚三叠世。表明泽多桌肉花岗闪长岩属于晚三叠世以来的造山带伸展崩塌造成岩石圈较快速减薄以及幔源岩浆底侵作用的发生,并导致地壳岩石接近熔融温度产生壳源岩浆而成岩。     

Optical Dating Equivalent Dose (De) Comparison of Global Standardised Growth Curve (gSGC) and Single-aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) Methods for Quartz Grains

Optical dating is a method of measuring the time since the sample was buried from last thermal event or light exposure. Samples such as quartz and feldspar grains are the most commonly used sediment of measurement. Single-Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) method has become the most acceptable procedure for obtaining the equivalent Dose (D_e) of a sample. The Standardised Growth Curve (SGC) method provides a possible procedure for measuring a large number of samples; the limitation is that the growth curve fitted by different samples or even different aliquots is divergent. The global Standardised Growth Curve (gSGC) method improves the shortage by normalizing the dose response curves using one regenerative dose OSL signal. The gSGC provides a possible method for obtaining the D_e value of the sample efficiently and quickly. However, due to the radiation dose rate, operating procedures and instrument error and the selected regenerative-dose normalized dose value, etc., each laboratory should develop their own gSGC which has unique parameters. This study established the gSGC curve and measurement process of our laboratory, and then compared the consistency of the equivalent Dose (D_e) values from gSGC and SAR methods. In gSGC procedure, the D_e value of an aliquot can be estimated from the nature signal, one regenerative dose signal and their corresponding test dose signal. It will speed up the optical dating measurement rate of our laboratory and provide reference to establish gSGC in other laboratories. It is found that in the low dose range (0~100 Gy) the obtained D_e values were well consistent by gSGC and SAR methods. There were obviously differences in the higher dose range (>100 Gy) compared to the SAR results. It may be due to the insufficient number of older samples used to fit gSGC in this study. It is necessary to gradually accumulate more samples to improve the gSGC parameters in the future work. For some aliquots, individual quartz grains do not follow the global standardised growth curve, which leads to some deviations of D_e from gSGC. However, these two methods could obtain the similar average De value when multiple aliquots measuring.     

大兴安岭克一河地区满克头鄂博组火山岩形成时代、地球化学特征及地质意义

大兴安岭北段克一河地区满克头鄂博组岩石主体岩性为流纹质、英安质火山岩,火山岩TAS图解中显示其为流纹岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其形成于(139±2)Ma。火山岩多为高钾钙碱性系列,具有高SiO_2和全碱含量。稀土元素总量较低(ΣREE=137.34×10~(-6)~191.18×10~(-6)),轻重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)_N=12.57~22.25),具中等负Eu异常(δEu=0.40~0.72)。富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti。岩石Sr平均值为115×10~(-6),Yb的平均值为1.70×10~(-6),Y/Yb平均值为9.46,(Ho/Yb)_N平均值为1.04,且具负的Eu异常,暗示岩浆可能来源于加厚麻粒岩下地壳部分熔融,结合区域特征,推测该火山岩可能形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合碰撞造山所导致的地壳加厚环境。