从城乡一体化到城乡融合：新型城乡关系的思考

新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略的深入实施,推动城乡关系进入了一个融合发展的新阶段。采用Citespace1.0软件分析及文献归纳方法,识别了城乡关系研究热点,梳理了城乡关系研究在理论探索、影响因素、测度与评价、空间组织及推进策略等方面的研究进展。在此基础上,重点对面向城乡融合发展的新型城乡关系研究进行了总结,从理论基础与总体思路、多源数据与方法集成等方面提出了基于要素流动的城乡融合分析框架,指出了城乡融合研究的重点是基于多源数据的城乡关系测度与评价,城乡要素流动的特征、格局与效应,城乡要素融合发展的流动机制,城乡融合发展调控策略等。     

天然气体水合物在地质作用过程中变化的探讨

天然气体水合物是一种准稳定态的物质, 对引起温-压条件变化的各种地质作用是非常敏感的.沉积与剥蚀、海平面升降、冰期与间冰期等地质过程改变着海底环境温-压状况, 控制了沉积物中水合物的形成、保存与分解.快速沉积(尤其是海底滑坡和泥火山喷发等带来的瞬间堆积)、海平面上升、高纬地区冰期等使海底环境朝着增压、降温的方向变化, 有利于气体水合物形成与保存; 而迅速剥蚀、海平面下降、上覆冰体移除引起水合物分解.水合物的分解可以是渐渐的气体溢出, 也可以是猛然的气体喷发, 这取决于温度上升及压力降低的速度.气体水合物的“爆炸式”分解在海底表面可留下“圆坑状”地貌特征.地质过程中同一地区频繁的温-压波动可引起水合物中乙烷成分相对增加.      

Thermal history of a Late Mesoproterozoic paired metamorphic belt (?) during Rodinia assembly: New insight from medium-pressure granulites from the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt,Northwestern India

In this study, we investigate the possible record of a Late Mesoproterozoic paired metamorphic belt in the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt(ADMB), NW India using a suite of supracrustal and metaigneous granulites from the Pilwa-Chinwali granulite terrain at the north-western margin of the ADMB. Using metamorphic reaction textures, mineral chemistry, metamorphic reaction history, geothermobarometric computations and electron microprobe dating of monazite in 5 samples of pelitic granulite, leptynite gneiss, enderbite and charnockite, we have deduced a medium-pressure granulite facies metamorphism(P between 4.9 and 6.8 kbar, T 760-815℃) along a heating-cooling, counterclockwise P-T path between 1.09 and 1.01 Ga. When collated with published metamorphic and chronological constraints and geological settings of the adjoining crustal domains of the ADMB, these findings provide new insights into the developments of two tectonic domains of contrasting thermal gradients at ca. 1.0 Ga, consistent with metamorphic transformations in tectonically thickened middle-lower crustal sections during continental collision to continental subduction and in the root zones of spatially adjacent island arc, as part of the Rodinia supercontinent assembly event.     

利用海气耦合模式模拟印度尼西亚贯穿流

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)发展的全球耦合气候系统模式(FGCM-1.0)100年数值模拟结果, 分析了模式模拟的印度尼西亚贯穿流(ITF)的平均态、季节变化和年际变化, 并且利用这些资料对ITF季节变化和年际变化的成因做了初步分析.模式模拟的ITF平均态、季节变化和年际变化同已有的观测结果相比是合理的, 经作者分析认为ITF的季节变化主要是因为印度尼西亚海域地处亚澳季风区, 海流对于季风的响应使得ITF发生季节变化; ITF的年际变化主要是因为热带环流的年际变化及其所导致的洋流调整造成的, 太平洋和印度洋都有影响.     

利用EGM2008重力数据反演中国大陆Moho深度

利用EGM2008重力数据计算的布格重力异常,以CRUST1.0给出的壳-幔密度差为依据,通过重力反演获得中国大陆Moho起伏分布,所得的中国大陆Moho深度基本特征与以往研究基本一致。     

同源火成岩稀土分布特征新探索——以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗和青海沱沱河等地火成岩为例

通过对内蒙古西乌皡穆沁旗和青海沱沱河等地不同基性火成岩的稀土特征研究,形成了主要依据重稀土特征的高度相似来判断火成岩样品是否同源的观点,这点特别适合于中基性的岩石,而对于酸性岩石则常常轻稀土和重稀土都是基本平行或者重合的。这一稀土特征有利于以后更好地判断火成岩的同源性。此外,后期的蚀变及风化也对同源火成岩(尤其是基性岩)的轻稀土影响较大,这点也要求尽量以重稀土特征相似来判断岩石的同源性。     

Development of an establishment scheme for a DGVM

Environmental changes are expected to shift the distribution and abundance of vegetation by determining seedling establishment and success. However, most current ecosystem models only focus on the impacts of abiotic factors on biogeophysics (e.g., global distribution, etc.), ignoring their roles in the population dynamics (e.g., seedling establishment rate, mortality rate, etc.) of ecological communities. Such neglect may lead to biases in ecosystem population dynamics (such as changes in population density for woody species in forest ecosystems) and characteristics. In the present study, a new establishment scheme for introducing soil water as a function rather than a threshold was developed and validated, using version 1.0 of the IAP-DGVM as a test bed. The results showed that soil water in the establishment scheme had a remarkable influence on forest transition zones. Compared with the original scheme, the new scheme significantly improved simulations of tree population density, especially in the peripheral areas of forests and transition zones. Consequently, biases in forest fractional coverage were reduced in approximately 78.8% of the global grid cells. The global simulated areas of tree, shrub, grass and bare soil performed better, where the relative biases were reduced from 34.3% to 4.8%, from 27.6% to 13.1%, from 55.2% to 9.2%, and from 37.6% to 3.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the new scheme had more reasonable dependencies of plant functional types (PFTs) on mean annual precipitation, and described the correct dominant PFTs in the tropical rainforest peripheral areas of the Amazon and central Africa.     

Projections of Annual Mean Air Temperature and Precipitation over the Globe and in China During the 21st Century bythe BCC Climate System Model BCC_CSM1.0

Evaluating the projection capability of climate models is an important task in climate model development and climate change studies. The projection capability of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model BCC_CSM1.0 is analyzed in this study. We focus on evaluating the projected annual mean air temperature and precipitation during the 21st century under three emission scenarios (Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) B1, A1B, and A2) of the BCC_CSM1.0 model, along with comparisons with 22 CMIP3 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3) climate models. Air temperature averaged both globally and within China is projected to increase continuously throughout the 21st century, while precipitation increases intermittently under each of the three emission scenarios, with some specific temporal and spatial characteristics. The changes in globally-averaged and China-averaged air temperature and precipitation simulated by the BCC_CSM1.0 model are within the range of CMIP3 model results. On average, the changes of precipitation and temperature are more pronounced over China than over the globe, which is also in agreement with the CMIP3 models. The projection capability of the BCC_CSM1.0 model is comparable to that of other climate system models. Furthermore, the results reveal that the climate change response to greenhouse gas emissions is stronger over China than in the global mean, which implies that China may be particularly sensitive to climate change in the 21st century.     

盐源—宁蒗及邻区重力场特征及其对油气勘探的启示

近年来,随着四川盆地周缘在油气勘探上取得的重大突破,盐源—宁蒗地区成为了新区新层系油气调查的重点研究区域。盐源—宁蒗地区位于扬子地台西缘,其复杂的断裂体系和频繁的构造、岩浆活动,制约着该区油气的生、运、储。鉴于当前油气资源开发所能达到的深度较浅,本文首先利用Crust 1. 0库提供的地球深部结构,采用频率域界面正演的方法获取研究区的区域重力异常,然后将地表布格重力异常减去区域重力异常,获取上地壳激发的剩余重力异常。通过对盐源—宁蒗及邻区的区域剩余重力分布特征的分析,将盐源—宁蒗及邻区在平面上分为Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区。结合地表地质情况,将最有利于油气资源开发的Ⅳ区采用Parker界面反演对其基底起伏进行反演,进一步将其细分为8个子区。综合分析8个子区基底起伏情况、重力剖面反演和大地电磁测深剖面反演,推测该区为康滇古陆西侧、北东走向的向斜构造;向斜南东翼和金河 箐河断裂之间存在的背斜构造,为有利的油气勘探构造,具有较好的资源潜力。     

全球地壳模型CRUST1.0在青藏高原东南部的重力检核

利用全球地壳模型CRUST1.0提供的地壳密度、厚度等分层信息,计算青藏高原东南部地壳各分层引起的重力异常,并累加获取总体布格重力异常,最后与利用全球重力场模型EGM2008获得的布格重力异常进行对比。结果表明,两种模型在大部分区域基本一致,布格重力异常变化在-600~20mGal之间,少数地区存在较大的差距,说明CRUST1.0模型的精度还有待提高。