黄河谷地百万亩土地开发整理重大项目建设稳步推进

截至5月18日,计划于年底前完工的公伯峡北片区工程已完成投资6388．5万元,土地开发11563亩,完成了84％;耕地整理9405亩,完成了70％;     

青海省国土资源厅从七个重点环节加强惩防体系建设

青海省国土资源厅与省监察厅、省检察院等部门加强沟通协调,联合开展对黄河谷地百万亩土地整理项目进展情况的监督检查,研究出台加强征地补偿金发放、物资采购等七个重点环节监督管理办法,从七个重点环节加强惩防体系建设,从源头上防止腐败案件的发生。     

气候和人类活动对黄河中游区间产流量变化的贡献率

黄河中游产流量在过去几十年发生了明显减小的变化趋势,鉴于迄今有关气候及人类活动对该区产流量减小的影响比重仍存争议,本研究利用累积距平方法分析了研究区近60年来的产流量变化趋势,识别出1971年和1985年两个拐点年份,利用累积量斜率变化率分析方法(SCRCQ)估算了降水量和人类活动在产流量变化中的贡献率。与基准时期1950-1970年(T_A)相比,在不考虑蒸散量影响的情况下,降水量和人类活动对黄河中游区间产流量变化的贡献率在1971-1985年(T_B)分别为25.94%和74.06%,在1986-2009年(T_C)分别为25.13%和74.87%;如果考虑蒸散量的影响,则人类活动的贡献率在T_B和T_C时期分别增大到91.74%和93.41%。显然,人类活动是该区间地表产流量减小的最重要影响因素。人类活动对黄河中游区间产流量变化的主要影响方式是拦蓄滞留,这些拦蓄滞留的水量大多数最终通过蒸散作用而从地表径流循环进入大气循环,即人类活动改变了部分水循环的途径。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ALONG A RIVER REACH WITH A RESERVOIR

Based on long-term measurements at three gauging stations, Toudaoguai, Fugu and Hequ, and one meteorological station, this article discusses the features of discharge (Q) and sediment concentration (Cs) of a river reach of the Yellow River with a reservoir located in the Loess Plateau. The impacts of the local sub-watershed between Toudaoguai and Fugu gauging stations on sediment budget to the Yellow River have been analyzed. In addition, the deposition processes in the Tianqiao Reservoir have been investigated. Results show over 80% of the precipitation that falls in the local subwatershed is unable to contribute to the Yellow River runoff process. It is found that the annualmaximum sediment concentration is usually less than 30 kg/m^3 during flood seasons at Toudaoguai Gauging Station, but the sediment concentration varies dramatically at Fugu Gauging Station. About 35% of the sediment eroded in the sub-watersheds between Toudaoguai and Fugu gauging stationswas produced from the Huangfuchuan sub-watershed which has a drainage area accounting only for 10% of the drainage area between Toudaoguai and Fugu gauging stations. The Tianqiao Reservoir generally has deposition during the summer flood season, and scouring during the non-flood season.On average, over 85% of deposited sediment in the reservoir occurs in the 12 km long lower reservoir reach. The volume of annual deposition in the reservoir mainly depends on the volume of water from the local region between Hequ and Fugu gauging stations.     

北极黄河站区GPS可降水量的特征分析

利用GPS遥感的可降水量、气象数据、探空数据及降雪资料,分析中国北极黄河站区的可降水量特征,得出可降水量与地面水汽压的转换模型;分析可降水量、露点温度差、水汽压在强降雪天气中的变化特征,研究强降雪天气过程中的探空层结构,有助于利用GPS可降水量预报雨雪天气。     

黄河银川平原段河岸摆动速率变化及原因

研究选取黄河银川平原全长196 km的河段,以1975 年、1990 年、2010 年和2011 年四个年份的卫星影像数据绘制的左右河岸线,与设立的平均间隔为1.3 km的153 个河道固定横断面的交点位置的变化,估算了1975-1990 年、1990-2010 年和2010-2011 年三个时期的河岸平均摆动速率。结果表明,该河段左岸以向右摆动为主,在上述时期左岸总的平均摆动速率分别为36.5 m/a、27.8 m/a 和61.5 m/a;右岸在1975-1990 年以向右摆动为主,此后则以向左摆动为主,其摆动速率分别为31.7 m/a、23.1 m/a 和50.8 m/a。在1975-2011 全部36 年间,左右河岸的年均摆动速率分别为22.3 m/a 和14.8 m/a。河岸摆动速率在A、B、C三个河段相差悬殊,在1975-2011 的36 年间,左岸向左和向右的平均摆动速率之比分别为1：7.6：4.6 和1：1.7：3.8;右岸向左和向右的平均摆动速率之比为1：1.8：1.2 和1：5.6：17.7。显然,无论左岸右岸,它们在A段的摆动速率最小,向左摆动速率最大的出现在B段,而向右摆动速率最大的则是C段。河岸摆动速率在时序上的增大现象主要受制于人类筑坝蓄水等引起汛期流量的逐渐减小,而空间变化主要受制于河岸物质组成的区域差异。     

1990—2010年黄河宁蒙段所处流域土地利用变化

以Landsat TM和ETM+遥感影像为基础数据源,应用地理信息系统技术,对黄河宁蒙段所处流域1990-2010年土地利用变化进行了监测,并结合气候变化、人类活动和政策因素探讨了土地利用变化的驱动力,初步分析了土地利用/覆被变化对流域水-沙关系的影响。结果表明：（1）20年来研究区建设用地面积增加了1 310.04 km²,耕地面积增加了611.15 km²,水域和草地面积分别减少了1 499.51 km²和474.93 km²;（2）20年来黄河宁蒙段所处流域土地利用变化速度经历了缓慢变化-显著变化-急剧变化的过程。各土地利用类型在后10 年（2000-2010年）的变化速度均比前10年（1990-2000年）大;（3）研究时段内草地和未利用地转化为林地,草地和耕地被开发为建设用地,未利用地和草地被开垦为耕地;（4）人类活动和政策因素是影响20年来土地利用变化的主要驱动因子,但人口数量的增加、经济的发展及环境政策的调整对研究区土地利用变化的影响更为显著;（5）1990-2010年流域耕地和林地面积分别增加了611.15 km²和543.19 km²,植被覆盖度由1990年的34.7%增加到2010年的40.8%。林地和耕地面积的增加均使得流域总蒸发量增加,灌溉用水增加,从而径流量减少,植被覆盖度的增加使得流域径流量和输沙量均降低。     

Inter-annual variations in vegetation and their response to climatic factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2010

To understand the variations in vegetation and their correlation with climate factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River, China, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI） time series data from 2000 to 2010 were collected based on the MOD13Q1 product. The coefficient of variation, Theil–Sen median trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test were combined to investigate the volatility characteristic and trend characteristic of the vegetation. Climate data sets were then used to analyze the correlation between variations in vegetation and climate change. In terms of the temporal variations, the vegetation in this study area improved slightly from 2000 to 2010, although the volatility characteristic was larger in 2000–2005 than in 2006–2010. In terms of the spatial variation, vegetation which is relatively stable and has a significantly increasing trend accounts for the largest part of the study area. Its spatial distribution is highly correlated with altitude, which ranges from about 2000 to 3000 m in this area. Highly fluctuating vegetation and vegetation which showed a significantly decreasing trend were mostly distributed around the reservoirs and in the reaches of the river with hydropower developments. Vegetation with a relatively stable and significantly decreasing trend and vegetation with a highly fluctuating and significantly increasing trend are widely dispersed. With respect to the response of vegetation to climate change, about 20–30% of the vegetation has a significant correlation with climatic factors and the correlations in most areas are positive： regions with precipitation as the key influencing factor account for more than 10% of the area; regions with temperature as the key influencing factor account for less than 10% of the area; and regions with precipitation and temperature as the key influencing factors together account for about 5% of the total area. More than 70% of the vegetation has an insignificant correlation with climatic factors.     

鄂尔多斯高原河曲段黄河阶地构造变形研究

通过对河曲县城一带出露较好的黄河阶地剖面进行研究,认为河曲一带黄河三、四级阶地形成于中更新世时期,晚更新世早期形成二级阶地,全新世形成一级阶地。本区中更新世抬升速率为0．14mm／a,晚更新世抬升速率为0．18mm／a,全新世抬升速率为0．70mm／a,晚更新世和全新世抬升速率的突然加大,可能与黄河下游三门湖的贯通、区域侵蚀基准面突然降低、河流侵蚀加大有关。