为了渔业的明天——湿地支撑着渔业的健康发展

湿地包括多种类型，珊瑚礁、滩涂、红树林、湖泊、河流、河口、淡水沼泽、沼泽森林、盐沼和盐湖等。湿地与森林、海洋并称三大生态系统，是自然界富有生物多样性的自然景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一，具有调节径流、调节气候、蓄洪防旱、美化环境等多种作用，被称为“地球之肾”。     

Species richness,diversity and density of understory vegetation along disturbance gradients in the Himalayan conifer forest

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually affect tree regeneration. Managers intending to maintain understory vegetation diversity must consider the combined effects of grazing and logging, ensuring low to moderate grazing pressure.     

湿地在生态、经济和文化方面的效益

湿地的生态效益表现在——一是保护生物和遗传多样性。自然湿地遵循着自然演替规律，生态系统结构的复杂性和稳定性较高，生物物种十分丰富。许多自然湿地不但为水生动物、水生植物提供了优良的生存场所，也为多种珍稀濒危野生动物，特别是水禽提供了必需的栖息、迁徙、越冬和繁殖场所。可以说，没有保存完好的自然湿地，许多野生动物将无法完成其生命周期，湿地生物多样性将失去栖身之地。     

A New Enantiornithes (Aves) from the Early Cretaceous of China

A new bird from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China is described. This new species, Grabauornis lingyuanensis, shares several synapomorphies with the Enantiornithes. The specimen is relatively well preserved. The skeletal morphology of Grabauornis bears close resemblance to that of other Chinese members of this clade. The brachial index （the ratio between the lengths of humerus and ulna） is 0.95, which is close to the average for enantiornithine birds. It indicates that Grabauornis was a rather good flyer, and the presence of an alula in the wing further testifies to this.     

三峡库区生物多样性的变化态势及其保护对策

三峡库区拥有丰富的生镜多样性，物种多样性与基因多样性，是一个天然生物宝库，然而，由于人类活动长期的强烈干预和破坏，库区生境日趋退化，生物种群发生逆行演替，生物多样性在逐渐减少或丧失。加强对生物多样性保护和研究具有极其重要的现实意义。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔获组成及其多样性分析

根据2009年6～11月金枪鱼延绳钓观察员海上采集的数据,对中西太平洋S2°05′～S7°51′,W159°48′～W168°10′海域的延绳钓渔获物组成进行了分析.126个站点(钩次)的种类组成分析表明,该作业区域的渔获物有鱼类35种,隶属于9目22科30属;鲸类2种,隶属于1目2科2属;龟鳖类1种.反映种类组成多样...     

生物多样性保护与利用的主要研究方向

生物多样性是有机界一个无所不包的术语，系指一个生态系统、一个区域乃至整个地球物种（包括动物、植物和微生物）丰富和均匀的程度，它既包含生物之间以及生物与环境之间复杂的相互关系的含义，也反映一个区域的发展规划是否符合客观规律的重要标志。可从遗传样性和生态系统多样性三个不同水平来研究和分析其基本特点，当然，不同水平研究的关系是非常密切的。本文主要介绍其当前的基本情况，研究的战略思想，目标和主要研究内容，     

石臼坨鸟类保护区规划探讨

通过对石臼坨岛群鸟类资源及其环境综合评价，阐述建立石臼坨鸟类保护区的重要性和迫切性，保护区的建设原则，保护区的范围和功能分区，以及保护与治理的措施。     

纳米物质及对金成矿作用的思考

纳粹物质具有不同于普通物质的奇异性质，纳米物质易于气化运移，可以很好解释诸如矿床元素分带现象和金的成矿多样性等许多传统观念下难以解释的地质现象，从而为成矿理论及找矿方法引发新的思考。     

浙江山区珍稀濒危植物的分布特征与保护

浙江山区的珍稀濒危植物较为丰富，有６７科、１０８属、１２５种．论述了当地珍稀濒危植物的特点、地理分布、属和种的地理成分，探讨了珍稀濒危植物的就地保护、迁地保护和离体保存．