婴儿型肝脏血管内皮瘤CT分型及相关影像学表现

目的：总结婴儿型肝脏血管内皮瘤（IHH）CT表现,以期提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：收集9例经过手术病理证实和2例穿刺活检证实IHH的CT资料,所有的患者均行CT平扫及动脉期、门脉期双期增强扫描,6例加做延时扫描,对其进行分析,比较各型的CT表现。结果：11例IHH,肿块型6例,直径在5～10cm之间;结节型3例,直径〈5cm;弥漫型2例。平扫各型肿瘤均呈类圆形低密度,肿块型密度不均匀,均见钙化,4例中央区见液化坏死区,1例中央区见出血灶;结节型密度不均匀,1例见钙化;弥漫型密度均匀。肿块型均有分叶,结节型、弥漫型无分叶。增强扫描动脉期：肿块型5例边缘呈花瓣样强化,1例呈结节样强化;结节型3例边缘呈花瓣样强化;弥漫型1例边缘呈花瓣样强化,1例呈环形强化;3例肿块型及1例结节型出现自边缘向中心呈粗条状强化影,强化程度与同层腹主动脉相近;门脉期、延迟期全部肿瘤持续向心性强化,4例肿块型中央坏死区未见强化;结节型、弥漫型全部为全瘤强化。结论：IHH总体表现为向心性强化及延迟强化,但各型的CT分型表现有一定差异。     

The study on fishing ground of neon flying squid,Ommastrephes bartrami,and ocean environment based on remote sensing data in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

The relationships between the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, and the relative ocean environmental factors are analyzed. The environmental factors collected are sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll concentration (Chl-a) and sea surface height (SSH) from NASA, as well as the yields of neon flying squid in the North Pacific Ocean. The results show that the favorable temperature for neon flying squid living is 10°C–22°C and the favorite temperature is between 15°C–17°C. The Chl-a concentration is 0.1–0.6 mg/m³. When Chl-a concentration changes to 0.12–0.14 mg/m3, the probability of forming fishing ground becomes very high. In most fishing grounds, the SSH is higher than the mean SSH. The generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to analyze the correlations between neon flying squid and ocean environmental factors. Every year, squids migrate northward from June to August and return southward during October–November, and the characteristics of the both migrations are very different. When squids migrate to the north, most relationships between the yields and SST are positive. The relationships are negative when squids move to southward. The relationships between the yields and Chl-a concentrations are negative from June to October, and insignificant in November. There is no obvious correlation between the catches of squid and longitude, but good with latitude. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2003AA607030); National Key Technology Research and Development Program (No. 2006BAD09A05)     

Standardizing CPUE of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ommastrephes bartramii</Emphasis> for Chinese squid-jigging fishery in Northwest Pacific Ocean

Generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM) were used to standardize catch per unit fishing effort (CPUE) of Ommastrephes bartramii for Chinese squid-jigging fishery in Northwest Pacific Ocean. Three groups of variables were considered in the standardization: spatial variables (longitude and latitude), temporal variables (year and month) and environmental variables, including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea level height (SLH). CPUE was treated as the dependent variable and its error distribution was assumed to be log-normal in each model. The model selections of GLM and GAM were based on the finite sample-corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC) and pseudo-coefficient (Pcf) combined P-value, respectively. Both GAM and GLM analysis showed that the month was the most important variable affecting CPUE and could explain 21.3% of variability in CPUE while other variables only explained 8.66%. The interaction of spatial and temporal variables weakly influenced the CPUE. Moreover, spatio-temporal factors may be more important in influencing the CPUE of this squid than environmental variables. The standardized and nominal CPUEs were similar and had the same trends in spatio-temporal distribution, but the standardized CPUE values tended to be smaller than the nominal CPUE. The CPUE tended to have much higher monthly variation than annual variations and their values increased with month. The CPUE became higher with increasing latitude-high CPUE usually occurred in 145°E–148°E and 149°E–162°E. The CPUE was higher when SST was 14–21°C and the SLH from −22 cm to −18 cm. In this study, GAM tended to be more suitable than GLM in analysis of CPUE.     

摄食鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究高胆固醇食物鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢的影响.Balb/c小鼠按体重随机分为酪蛋白对照组、鱿鱼添加组6%、9%和12%(以蛋白质含量计)、猪肉添加组12%(以蛋白质含量计),喂食3周.分别检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)和肝脏TC,TG含量.称量小鼠体重,肝脏、肾脏重量以及精巢脂肪重量;观察小鼠进食量并计算食物功效比(FER).猪肉、鱿鱼添加组体重增加均较酪蛋白组明显,鱿鱼添加组肝脏重量较对照组显著增加,而猪肉添加组则显著降低(P<0.05).不同添加量的鱿鱼对小鼠血清TC水平均有显著降低作用,而猪肉则明显提升小鼠血清TC含量.鱿鱼添加组小鼠血清TG、HDL-c浓度及AI均较对照组有不同程度的降低.另一方面,鱿鱼各浓度添加组对小鼠肝脏TC及TG含量均有明显的增加作用.摄食鱿鱼与猪肉对小鼠血清和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响显著不同,进食鱿鱼有助于降低血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,摄食鱿鱼并不增加动脉粥样硬化的危险性.     

诱鱼灯光场计算及其对光诱鱿鱼浮拖网作业的影响

本文运用诱鱼灯光照度的有关公式,计算了光诱鱿鱼浮拖网作业中的光场分布及变化,结合鱿鱼趋光行为习性,分析现有渔具渔法的适应性。结果表明;使用１６盏铊铟灯水上灯,诱鱼最大水平距离比仅使用水下灯增加约６８０倍,但水上灯从１６盏增加到４０盏地,从经济角度分析不很理想;在集鱼过程中,关闭最后一组水上灯后,应有白炽灯经过降压后再地渡到水下灯集鱼;导鱼灯在向网口移动的过程中应继续降低低电压;     

多种糖类添加物对秘鲁鱿鱼(Loliginidae)肌原纤维蛋白抗冻保水效果及构象变化影响研究

为探索海藻糖类对于冷冻水产品的抗冻保水效果,以秘鲁鱿鱼(Loliginidae)鱼糜为研究对象,以焦磷酸钠保水处理为对照,研究海藻糖、海藻胶寡糖及海藻胶对秘鲁鱿鱼鱼糜蛋白质抗冻保水的作用效果。结果表明,–18°C冻藏6周后,1.0%海藻糖和海藻胶寡糖(500—600Da)处理效果最好,可显著降低冷冻鱿鱼鱼糜解冻汁液流失(5.00%—5.54%),其与焦磷酸钠保水效果无显著性差异(5.02%—5.48%,P0.05)。整个冻藏期内,随着冻藏时间延长,不同处理鱿鱼鱼糜盐溶性蛋白、Ca2+-ATPase活性及总巯基均呈逐渐下降趋势,其中海藻糖、海藻胶寡糖对鱿鱼鱼糜蛋白质特性的保护效果,显著优于蒸馏水、焦磷酸钠处理(P0.05)。本研究可为开发一种安全、高效、节能、环保,适用于冷冻鱿鱼的海藻糖类抗冻保水剂提供参考。     

大黄鱼肝脏免疫保护蛋白的鉴定

本研究以大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)肝脏为研究对象,采用比较蛋白质组学技术分析大黄鱼免疫保护后蛋白表达水平的变化。结果发现,对照组和免疫保护组中共有20个表达水平差异显著的蛋白点,经MALDI-TOF-MS分析,获得18个差异蛋白点肽质量指纹图谱(peptide mass fingerprint,PMF),通过数据库查询,与免疫型受体、新型抗原受体等蛋白具有高度同源性。在此基础之上,进一步选取4个蛋白差异点(1、10、14和18号)进行Westen blot验证。结果表明,该4个蛋白差异点可以与所制备的抗体发生特异性的结合,且变化趋势与蛋白质组学分析结果一致。由此推测,免疫型受体等18个蛋白应该与大黄鱼免疫保护密切相关,所获研究结果为揭示大黄鱼免疫保护机理奠定了良好的基础。     

低温和摄食对虹鳟脂肪酸合成基因表达的影响

通过分析低温和摄食对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)脂肪酸生物合成相关基因表达的影响,探究其低温适应机制,为虹鳟的成功越冬提供一定的理论依据。本实验设定了正常温度摄食组(NF)、正常温度不摄食组(NU)、低温摄食组(CF)和低温不摄食组(CU)4个实验处理,分别测定了虹鳟肝脏和肌肉在1、3、5、7和14d时硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase,SCD)、Δ6-去饱和酶(Δ6fatty acid desaturase,Δ6Fad)和延长酶2(Elongation of very long chain fatty acids like 2,Elovel2)3个基因的相对表达水平。实验表明:摄食显著影响虹鳟肝脏对脂肪酸的生物合成,在营养供给充足的情况下,主要通过脱酰和重酰化作用(替代作用)来满足机体对单一不饱和脂肪酸(Monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)的需求;在营养供给不足时,可以通过相关脂肪酸生物合成通路合成MUFA和PUFA。虹鳟肌肉中有大量脂肪沉积,因而短时间的不摄食对其影响较小。当周围环境温度降低时,SCD、Δ6Fad和Elovel2三个基因的表达量均显著上升,表明虹鳟为了适应低温,生物膜磷脂脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸的比例上升,虹鳟肝脏和肌肉中MUFA和PUFA生物合成量增加。此外,虹鳟肝脏SCD mRNA的表达量在CF组较低,这可能是因为摄食可以在一定程度上补充MUFA。虹鳟在正常营养条件下,大约在5～7d可适应低温;在长时间的饥饿和低温胁迫下,虹鳟机体内的脂肪酸生物合成会受到影响。     

盐酸四环素浸泡与投喂标记鲢的效果比较及其浸泡标记对肝脏生理指标的影响

本研究以淡水天然水体主要放流鱼类鲢鱼种为实验材料,采用盐酸四环素(TCH)浸泡和药饵投喂两种方式对鲢进行荧光标记,比较这两种TCH处理方法对鲢微耳石的标记效果;测定150、250和350mg/L的浓度条件下浸泡24h鲢血液转氨酶以及肝脏氧化损伤和抗氧化指标的变化。结果显示, TCH浸泡处理比投喂处理对耳石的标记效果更好,在150—350mg/L浓度范围内,浓度越高标记效果越好;TCH浸泡处理24h会引起鲢血清的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在处理后1d显著升高,2d后降低到对照水平。肝脏氧化损伤指标丙二醛(MDA)水平,抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈现先快速极显著升高,然后下降直至恢复正常水平。表明TCH浸泡对鲢肝脏造成了短暂的功能异常和氧化应激胁迫,但在2—5d后即可恢复正常,TCH浸泡方法是鲢标记放流有效、安全、可靠的方法。本研究结果可为鲢的增殖放流、跟踪监测和效果评估工作提供技术支撑,为其他鱼类的标记放流提供参考。     

真鲷脂蛋白脂肪酶基因顺式元件PPRE及在肝脏活体调控作用

从血液提取总DNA并构建基因组文库,克隆海水鱼真鲷(Pagrosomusmajor)脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)基因5′侧翼区序列,再通过竞争性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法,定量研究饲料中添加不同饱和度脂肪酸对其肝脏LPL基因mRNA表达水平的影响。结果表明,真鲷LPL基因5′侧翼区序列中存在顺式元件过氧化物酶体增殖物反应元件,其序列为TGAAGA TGACAT,与TATA(CATAA)盒序列相隔211bp;与喂饲料对照组比较,添加10%油酸可增加真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达水平,但差异并不显著(p>0.05)。用亚油酸或n 3高不饱和脂肪酸混合物取代添加油酸的一半(占饲料添加量的5%)后,导致真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达水平升高并出现显著性变化(p<0.05)。对真鲷肝脏LPL基因诱导表达随饲料中的脂肪酸不饱和度增加而增加,表明在活体条件下脂肪酸对真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达的诱导作用可能与脂肪酸的氧化代谢有关。n 3高不饱和脂肪酸通过过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体诱导真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达,使真鲷食物脂质供应水平与其肝脏脂肪酸氧化代谢强度调控偶联起来,可能是真鲷对高脂食物(特别是富含n 3高不饱和脂肪酸食物)的一种适应。