塔里木盆地是从南半球漂移来的

我国西部面积达56万平方公里的塔里木盆地，是一块从南半球中高纬度漂移到北半球的陆块。这是中国科学家首次大规模考察塔里木盆地后作出的结论。     

土壤增温对不同深度土壤温度的影响

正过去的70年(1948—2010年)中陆地表面平均气温每10年增加0.17℃[1],据IPCC(2007)预计到21世纪末,全球平均温度将增加1.1~6.4℃[2]。近20年来,全球相继开展了大量的增温控制实验,研究各类生态系统对全球变暖的响应。据已发表的文献统计分析表明,目前野外增温控制实验主要集中于中高纬度地区的草原、农田、冻原和森林生态系统[3-6],在30°N以南的热带和亚热带地区野外增温实验鲜有报道[7-8]。     

Formation and transport of intermediate water masses in a model of the Pacific Ocean

A basin-wide ocean general circulation model of the Pacific Ocean was used to investigate how the interior restoration in the Okhotsk Sea and the isopycnal diffusion affect the circulation and intermediate water masses. Four numerical experiments were conducted, including a run with the same isopycnal and thickness diffusivity of 1.0×103 m2/s, a run employing the interior restoration of temperature and salinity in the Okhotsk Sea with a time scale of 3 months, a run that is the same as the first run except for the enhanced isopycnal mixing, and a final run with the combination of the restoration in the Okhotsk Sea and large isopycnal diffusivity. Simulated results show that the intermediate water masses reproduced in the first run are relatively weak. An increase in isopycnal diffusivity can improve the simulation of both Antarctic and North Pacific intermediate waters, mainly increasing the transport in the interior ocean, but inhibiting the outflow from the Okhotsk Sea. The interior restoration generates the reverse current from the observation in the Okhotsk Sea, whereas the simulation of the temperature and salinity is improved in the high latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere because of the reasonable source of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. A comparison of vertical profiles of temperature and salinity along 50°N between the simulation and observations demonstrates that the vertical mixing in the source region of intermediate water masses is very important.     

Numerical experiments on the impact of spring north pacific SSTA on NPO and unusually cool summers in Northeast China

A set of numerical experiments designed to analyze the oceanic forcing in spring show that the combined forcing of cold （warm） El Ni（n）o （La Ni（n）a） phases in the Ni（n）o4 region and sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTA） in the westerly drifts region would result in abnormally enhanced NorthEast Cold Vortex （NECV） activities in early summer.In spring,the central equatorial Pacific El Ni（n）o phase and westerly drift SSTA forcing would lead to the retreat of non-adiabatic waves,inducing elliptic low-frequency anomalies of tropical air flows.This would enhance the anomalous cyclone-anticyclonecyclone-anticyclone low-frequency wave train that propagates from the tropics to the extratropics and further to the mid-high latitudes,constituting a major physical mechanism that contributes to the early summer circulation anomalies in the subtropics and in the North Pacific mid-high latitudes.The central equatorial Pacific La Ni（n）a forcing in the spring would,on the one hand,induce teleconnection anomalies of high pressure from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan in early summer,and on the other hand indirectly trigger a positive low-frequency East Asia-Pacific teleconnection （EAP） wave train in the lower troposphere.     

基于GNSS和再分析资料的ZTD/PWV精度评定与模型构建方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

水汽虽然占总中性大气含量不足4%,但它却是地球中性大气的重要组成部分。一方面,它是大气能量传递的基础,水在低纬度地区被蒸发吸收热量,水汽被输送到高纬度地区凝结,释放出大量的热量;另一方面,水汽也是地球上最重要的温室气体之一,对全球气候变化有着重要影响。此外,水汽在大气水文循环中也起着关键作用,在风的作用下,水汽围绕地球移动。     

高纬度寒区浅埋隧道的温度场及防寒抗冻探讨

专门针对东北高纬度寒区浅埋隧道冻害机理的研究较少,对东北寒区隧道进行了现场温度实测,讨论了东北高纬度寒区浅埋隧道的冻害形成机理和防寒抗冻措施.现场温度实测表明,传统的保温措施无法保证隧道不发生冻害,合理的防排水措施是高维度寒区浅埋隧道的主要防寒抗冻方法.建议在高维度寒区浅埋隧道全长设置中心深埋水沟、排水盲沟和保温侧沟,在冻结深度很大和月平均气温极低的寒区隧道排水设计中建议尝试使用顶进中心深埋水沟的施工方法,以降低工程造价及提高施工安全.中心深埋水沟直径应在80cm以上,以保证维护的便利.根据洞口地形选择合理的出水口形式,且做好保温防冻措施.     

What does the Sun tell and hint now？

Some historical records, which have held since the beginning of modern solar activity cycles, are being broken by the present Sun： cycle 23 records the longest cycle length and fall time; latitudes of high-latitude sunspots belonging to a new cycle around the minimum time of the cycle are statistically the lowest at present, compared with those of other cycles; there are only one or no sunspots in a month appearing at high latitudes for 58 months, which is the first time that such a long duration has been observed. The solar dynamo is believed to be slowing down due to： （1） the minimum smoothed monthly mean sunspot number is the smallest since cycle 16 onwards, and even probably among all modern solar cycles; and （2） once the time interval between the first observations of two neighboring sunspot groups is larger than 14 d, it should be approximately regarded as an observation of no sunspots on the visible solar disk, called a spotless event. Spotless events occur with the highest frequency around the minimum time of cycle 24, and the longest spotless event also appears around the minimum time for observations of the Sun since cycle 16. Cycle 24 is expected to have the lowest level of sunspot activity from cycle 16 onwards and even probably for all of the modern solar cycles.     

Characteristics and Changes of Cold Surge Events over China during 1960-2007

This paper demonstrates regional characteristics, a long-term decreasing trend, and decadal variations in the frequency of cold surge events based on daily mean temperature and daily minimum temperature data in mainland China from 1960 to 2008. During these 48 years, four high frequency centers of cold surge events were located in Xinjiang, central North China, northeast China, and southeast China. A main frequency peak of cold surge events occurs in autumn for the four regions and another peak is detected in spring over northeast China and southeast China. The regional pattern of cold surge frequencies is in accordance with the perturbation kinetic energy distribution in October-December, January, and February-April. The long-term decreasing trend （-0.2 times/decade） of cold surge frequencies in northeast China and decadal variations in China are related to the variations of the temperature difference between southern and northern China in the winter monsoon season; these variations are due to the significant rising of winter temperatures in high latitudes.     

易发非职业性一氧化碳中毒现象气象条件分析

1引言2006、2007年春,黑龙江、吉林、安徽、山东等省发生了一氧化碳中毒事件,造成很多人员伤亡,引起了有关部门的重视,也引起了相关专家的关注,因此,本文对黑龙江省内的两个个例进行分析研究,具有实际意义。2一氧化碳中毒     

北半球高纬海冰主要气候特征的全球海冰气耦合模式数值模拟

利用一个全球海冰气耦合模式对北半球高纬海冰的主要气候特征进行了数值模拟。结果表明 ,模拟结果中海冰的季节变化特征合理 ,冬季海冰的主要地理分布特征都模拟得很好 ,但夏季北冰洋内部靠近欧亚大陆部分边缘海区海冰密集度模拟得偏大。模拟结果中 ,北半球高纬地区冬季海冰密集度具有显著的年际变化 ,变化最显著区域位于格陵兰海 ,其次是巴伦支海 ,这些特征均与观测结果一致。对这个海冰气耦合模式在北半球海冰平均气候状况、季节变化和年际变化方面模拟能力的检验结果表明 ,当前的研究工作为下一步进行长期变化趋势的模拟打下了基础。