The Dipole Mode of the Summer Rainfall over East China during 1958–2001

By examining the second leading mode(EOF2)of the summer rainfall in China during 1958–2001 and associated circulations,the authors found that this prominent mode was a dipole pattern with rainfall decreasing to the north of the Yangtze River and increasing to the south.This reverse relationship of the rainfalls to the north and to the south of the Yangtze River was related with the meridional circulations within East Asia and the neighboring region,excited by SST in the South China Sea-northwestern Pacific....     

中国区域水汽输送异常与长江流域旱涝的关系

The characteristics of water vapor transport (WVT) over China and its relationship with precipitation anomalies in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are analyzed by using the upper-air station data in China and ECMWF reanalysis data in summer from 1981 to 2002. The results indicate that the first mode of the vertically integrated WVT is significant whose spatial distribution presents water vapor convergence or divergence in the YRB. When the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is strong and shifts southward and westward, the Indian Monsoon Low Pressure (IMLP) is weak, and the northern part of China stands behind the middle and high latitude trough, a large amount of water vapor from the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the South China Sea (SCS) and the western Pacific forms a strong and steady southwest WVT band and meets the strong cold water vapor from northern China in the YRB, thus it is likely to cause flood in the YRB. When WPSH is weak and shifts northward and eastward, IMLP is strong, and there is nearly straight west wind over the middle and high latitude, it is unfavorable for oceanic vapor extending to China and no steady and strong southwest WVT exists in the region south of the YRB. Meanwhile, the cold air from northern China is weak and can hardly be transported to the YRB. This brings on no obvious water vapor convergence, and then less precipitation in the YRB. Foundation: International Technology Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2007DFB20210; Application Technology Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province, No. 2008NG0009; Basic Research Foundation of Institute of Chengdu Plateau, China Meteorological Administration, No.BROP2000802 Author: Jiang Xingwen (1983–), specialized in the study of climate diagnosis.     

第四纪气候地层

在过去的几年间,通过对一些连续沉积如湖泊、近岸海域、冰芯及黄土-古土壤系列的研究,我们在理解第四纪气候变化方面已取得了很大的进展。地质记录表明,全球气候至少在4—3Ma以前即开始波动,逐渐向现代气候格局转化。在2.5或2.4MaB.P.前后,有一个全球性的干冷期,这个显著的干冷期后在世界各地均表现为更新世气候格局。因     

“海洋性大陆”观测研究计划介绍及中国参与进展

正1"海洋性大陆"观测研究计划介绍海洋性大陆(Maritime Continent,以下简称MC)是指由中南半岛、菲律宾群岛、印度尼西亚群岛、新几内亚岛等众多岛屿和中国南海及一系列浅海组成的区域(图1),该地区地处太平洋、印度洋、亚洲、大洋洲的连接地带,是中国战略构想"海上丝绸之路"的必经之地。MC地区特殊的地理位置、复杂的海陆分布和地形状况,使其成为连接太平洋和印度洋、地球大气低纬度和中高纬度地区、以及对流     

高纬度地区的变暖

地球的极区和近极区的气候变化具有特殊的敏感性。美国的气候学家从不同的气象卫星获得了1981—2001年期间整个北极区域在辐射的温暖期间地面温度变动的资料。     

Two Necessary Conditions for the Glacial-Interglacial Cycles in the Quaternary

Milankovitch Theory shows that glacial-interglacial cycles in the Quaternary are related to the variation of solar insolation forcing linked to the earth's astronomical parameters.However,the summer insolation at northern high latitudes,usually considered as the main external forcing for the ice age as Milankovitch pointed out,is marked by the 19- and 23-ka precession periodicities,which is not consistent with the glacial-interglacial cycles.On the other hand,recent studies indicate that the annual mean ...     

2009年冬季黑龙江省气温异常诊断分析

利用常规观测的温度资料、国家气候中心提供的环流特征量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和美国气候预测中心(CPC)提供的AO指数等,分析了2009年11月到2010年2月的北半球大尺度环流及物理量特征。探讨了2009年冬季黑龙江区域温度异常偏低的可能成因。分析表明,北半球极涡向南扩展,欧亚大陆上空经向环流占优势,北方冷空气活动偏强,西伯利亚高压异常强大,AO负异常偏强是造成黑龙江地区2009年冬季温度偏低的主要原因。     

山东省春季低温冷害特征及其成因分析

利用山东省26个站1961～2002年3～5月的月平均气温资料分析了山东春季低温冷害的气候特征,并从中高纬度环流、太阳黑子和赤道东太平洋海温等方面探讨春季低温冷害的成因。发现有1963,1969,1970,1976,1979,1980,1985和1991年共8个低温冷害年。山东春季气温变化具有明显的阶段性,80年代以前,低温冷害频繁,1991年以后再也没有出现过严重低温年份。春季低温和高温年份,亚洲中高纬度大气环流、太阳黑子活动和赤道东太平洋海温都有显著差异。在低温年,亚洲中高纬度盛行经向环流,太阳黑子相对数明显偏多,其前秋至前冬,赤道东太平洋海温为负距平,且海温逐渐升高,春季为正距平。     

寒潮

高纬度地区的寒冷空气，在特定的天气条件下会向中低纬度暴发，其所经之处常会造成大范围的雨雪、大风和降温天气，这种冷空气在南侵过程中达到一定的强度，才称为寒潮。按我国规定：一次冷空气能使长江中下游及其以北地区48h内降温10℃以上，长江中下游地区的最低气温≤4℃（春、秋季节以江淮地区的最低气温达到4℃以下为准），陆地上有相当于3个大行政区出现5—7级大风，沿海有3个海区出现7级以上大风，称为寒潮。     

高纬度冬季下垫面释放CO_2的证据

对冬季北极及高纬度不同生态系统的CO2 释放通量的采样和测定表明 :(ⅰ )在所有测定的陆地生态系统类型 (森林和冻原 )中 ,均有CO2 释放 ;(ⅱ )永久性冰层或冰盖有CO2 释放 ;(ⅲ )冬季高纬度陆地生态系统的土壤呼吸随温度升高呈指数增加 ,其趋势与常温下的这种关系一致 ,并似与区域无关