Genetic diversity and population structure of Eleutheronema rhadinum in the East and South China Seas revealed in mitochondrial COI sequences

Eleutheronema rhadinum is a potential commercial fisheries species and is subject to intense exploitation in China. Knowledge on the population structure of E. rhadinum in Chinese coastal waters, which is important for sustainable exploitation and proper resource management, is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of E. rhadinum were evaluated using a 564-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （COl） gene. A total of 76 specimens were collected from three localities around the East （Qidong and Zhoushan） and South China Seas （Zhuhai）. Among these individuals, nine polymorphic sites were detected and 1 l distinct haplotypes were defined. High levels ofhaplotype diversity （h=0.759i0.035） and low levels of nucleotide diversity （re=0.001 98i0.003 26） were observed in these populations, Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 96.72% of the genetic variation occurred within the populations, whereas 3.28% occurred among populations. No significant genealogical branches or clusters were recognized on the neighbor-joining tree. Intra-group variation among populations was significant （~0~t=0.032 85, P〈0.01）. These results suggest that E. rhadinum populations in the East and South China Seas have developed divergent genetic structures. Tests of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution suggest that E. rhadinum may have experienced a population expansion. The present study provides basic information for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species.     

杀死致病菌的“斗士”

抗生素是人类的一项极为重要的发现,它是人类战胜致病菌的重要武器。但是,随着抗生素的使用,问题也随之而来。许多细菌在其进化过程中,找到了抵制抗生素的方法,比如分泌酶来降解抗生素,或是利用其他工具将抗生素“驱逐”到细胞外。致病菌对抗生素的抗性成为许多疾病（如肺炎）治疗的障碍。绿脓杆菌可引起耳部感染,这种致病菌可制造一种由糖和蛋白组成的生物膜,然后用生物膜把自己包裹起来,其抵抗抗生素的能力将增加1000倍。     

第1期

论文与报告基于连续沥取的富钴结壳成凶机制的探讨………………………………………………………………………………蔡毅华,黄奕普,邢娜（1）饥饿对斜带石斑鱼稚鱼胃肠道内分泌细胞的形态、定位和分布密度的影响…………………………………………………翁幼竹,方永强（10）地芽孢杆菌属DYth03DNA聚合酶基因的克隆、表达及性质分析……………………………………………………罗淑娅,李侃,徐丽美（17）杂色鲍血蓝蛋白HtHI基因第16内含子SNP密度的分析…………………………………………梁翠,陈军,游伟伟,王德祥,柯才焕（21）大亚湾大鹏澳海域表层沉积物中浮游植物休眠体集群的季节变化…………………………………………付永虎,王朝晖,康伟,杨宇峰（27）     

10种石斑鱼系统发育的线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析

为探讨石斑鱼亚科鱼类的系统发育关系,测定了此亚科中具有代表性的石斑鱼属、鳃棘鲈属、九棘鲈属、驼背鲈属和白线光腭鲈属等5个属10种石斑鱼的细胞色素b基因全序列,分析了这些序列的特性,运用Kimura 2-parameter模型,以邻接法构建了分子系统树。结果表明,九棘鲈属与鳃棘鲈属位于系统进化树的基部,与石斑鱼类其它类群亲缘关系较远;驼背鲈属与白线光腭鲈属网结于石斑鱼属构成的分支中。     

阳光红外线也会伤皮肤

德国研究人员发现，不仅阳光中的紫外线会损害皮肤，一直以来被视为无害的红外线也会伤及皮肤。据报道，德国研究人员从分子水平上研究了红外线对皮肤产生的作用。结果显示，红外线能使细胞内产生多种反应，并在这个过程中形成所谓的“自由基”。这些自由基会攻击皮肤中的其他细胞成分，进而使皮肤结缔组织遭到破坏，导致皱纹增加。     

Cu,Cd,Zn和Cr在梭鱼肝脏中的亚细胞分布

当梭鱼(Mugil so-iuy)同时暴露于Cu,Cd,Zn和Cr时,Cu和Cd在肝脏中积累的速度最快,积累的量也最高,Zn和Cr在其中的积累则比它们低1).为了了解这些重金属在该组织中的积累过程及其机理,我们对上述四种重金属在肝脏中的亚细胞分布,包括细胞液中重金属的分子分布,以及这些分布随暴露时间的延长所发生的变化进行了研究,现将结果报告如下.     

用于地震波场模拟的变网格边长声格固体模型

提出一种新的用于地震波场模拟的变网格边长声格固体模型（Phononiclatticesolidwithvariousgridlength,简称PLSVL模型）．该模型通过改变不同介质中网格的边长来体现介质速度的变化,粒子在所有网格中的运动均保持每一步运行一个网格边长．详细推导了该模型的Boltzmann方程,证明该方程及其散射项的表达式与PLS模型相同,因而从该方程出发,可寻出宏观变量所满足的波动方程．新模型在同种网格内部的传输过程不存在误差,在界面产生的误差不会随时间而积累．本文同时给出了一个理论模型的波场模拟结果．     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MIXING OF UNSORTED SEDIMENT PARTICLES DISCHARGED INTO A CROSS-FLOW BY MULTIPHASE PARTICLE-IN-CELL （MP-PIC） METHOD

The mixing characteristics of dredged sediments of variable size discharged into cross-flow are studied by an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been developed by using the modified k-ε parameterization for the turbulence in fluid phase/water and a Lagrangian method for the solid phase/sediments. In the model the wake turbulence induced by sediments has been included as additional source and sink terms in the k-ε model; and the trajectories of the sediments are tracked by the Lagrangian method in which the sediment drift velocities in cross-flow are computed by a multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method and the diffusion process is approximated by a random walk model. The hydrodynamic behavior of dumped sediment cloud is governed by the total buoyancy on the cloud, the drag force on each particle and velocity of cross-flow. The cross-flow destroys more or less the double vortices occurred in stagnant ambience and dominates the longitudinal movement of sediment cloud. The computed results suggest satisfactory agreement by comparison with the experimental results of laboratory.     

岩石非均质度对其力学性能的影响研究

根据非均质岩石参数赋值方法具有随机性的特点,以随机参数的变异系数定义岩石非均质度,推导了Weibull分布参数赋值方法的非均质度计算方法,并与形状参数进行了对比分析;推导了基于矿物细胞元参数赋值方法的岩石非均质度的计算方法;利用上述2种赋值方法研究了岩石非均质度对其力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,利用变异系数定义岩石非均质度是合理的,可用于描述不同非均质岩石模型的非均质程度;非均质岩石的力学特性由细观单元力学特性和其非均质特性共同决定,岩石的非均质性对其极限强度具有弱化影响;对于不同的非均质岩石模型,可建立相同的线性函数关系表示非均质岩石极限强度受其非均质度的影响。     

PM2.5降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响

将不同浓度PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,利用MTT法检测其存活率,W-G染色观察细胞形态,荧光探针法检测细胞ROS和MMP相对水平,以探讨PM_(2.5)降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响及作用机制。结果显示,经12. 5μg/m L的PM_(2.5)降尘作用A549细胞3 h后,细胞存活率为(81. 77±6. 15)%,并随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势。PM_(2.5)染毒后可观察到细胞形态不规则,胞膜溶解破坏,细胞微核出现。PM_(2.5)降尘作用于细胞24 h后,胞内ROS相对含量随暴露浓度增加呈递增趋势,细胞MMP相对水平随染毒浓度增加而降低,且胞内ROS和MMP两者间存在显著相关关系(R2=0. 878)。提示PM_(2.5)降尘处理A549细胞后可通过刺激ROS的产生,诱导细胞MMP下降,造成细胞线粒体氧化损伤。