杭州市中低产田改造成效与建议

杭州历来是一个人多地少、土地资源尤其是耕地后备资源十分匮乏的地区。据统计,1996年末中产田面积占耕地总量的60.2%,低产田面积占18.0%,高稳产田仅占耕地面积的21.8%;农田基础设施严重老化,全     

饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏螯虾（Procambarusclarkii）生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响

采用3×3因子方法,进行了饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏螯虾f均重（7．03±0．05）g]生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响研究。试验设3个蛋白质水平（24％、27％和30％1和3个脂肪水平（4％、7％和10％）,共9组,每组4个重复,每个重复10尾虾,为期8周。结果表明,蛋白质和脂肪水平对成活率无显著影响（P〉0...     

养殖密度、投喂频率和投喂水平对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力的协同影响

【目的】研究工厂化养殖条件下不同养殖密度(2、4、6 kg/m3)、投喂频率(1、2、3次/d)和投喂水平(60、80、100%饱食)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×鞍带石斑鱼E.lanceolatus♂)幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力等3生长性能参数的协同影响。【方法】采用中心复合实验设计(BBD)和响应曲面(RSM)方法分析。【结果】养殖密度、投喂频率和投喂水平的一次、二次效应对幼鱼特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力影响显著(P﹤0.05)。养殖密度与投喂频率对幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料转化率有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),对胃蛋白酶活力无显著交互作用(P0.05);养殖密度与投喂水平对饲料转化率和特定生长率有极显著交互作用(P0.01),对胃蛋白酶活力有显著交互作用(P0.05);投喂频率与投喂水平对特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力无显著交互作用(P0.05)。3响应面指标回归模型的决定系数分别为0.983 0、0.943 6和0.991 0,拟合方程可信度较高。响应指标优化结果表明,在养殖密度为42尾/m3,投喂频率为2次/d,投喂水平为81.24%条件下,特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力最佳,分别为1.291%/d、1.041%和154.322 U/mg,可靠性达94.6%,可信度较高。【结论】工厂化循环水养殖系统内养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼,在养殖密度为42尾/m~3、每天2次的81.24%饱食投喂条件下,幼鱼可健康生长,生产成本最低。     

复合酸化剂对鲤生长及消化酶活性的影响

在鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)基础饲料中,分别添加不同梯度的复合酸化剂(质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.3%),研究复合酸化剂对其生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:1)添加复合酸化剂显著(P<0.05)提高鲤鱼的相对增重率、特定生长率、饵料转化效率、饲料蛋白质效率以及饲料蛋白质沉积率等生长性能指标;2)添加质量分数0.3%的复合酸化剂时,鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),酸化剂组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有升高的趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;3)鱼体的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、水分、肥满度及内脏比等品质指标在各组间差异不显著。综上所述,鲤鱼饲料中添加以柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸等为主的复合酸化剂,可显著提高鲤鱼肝胰脏、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性,促进鲤鱼生长。     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

氨基酸螯合微量元素的研究及其在水产动物中的应用

微量元素在水产动物的生命过程中是必不可少的,但是仅靠从水体中吸收是不能满足机体的正常需要的,还必须从饲料中摄取。至今,微量元素添加剂的发展经历了三代:第一代为无机盐类,常用的为硫酸盐等。无机盐类的微量元素添加剂易潮易结块,易与维生素发生拮抗,在植酸等抗营养因子存     

计算机多元分析在饲料研究中的应用

本文用多元分析方法运用电子计算机依10种动物必需氨基酸构成比例对58种饲料进行数值分类。分类是用欧氏距离作为相似性测度,聚类算法采用类平均距离法,得到一系统聚类图。     

ST-1无固相冲洗液在绳钻中的应用效果

金刚石绳索取心钻进要求冲洗液有良好的流变性、泥皮薄而韧,能有效防止钻杆内壁结垢,有利于内管通过。ST-1无固相冲洗液主要南ST-1高分子防塌剂组成,具有吸附在孔壁岩层粘土矿物,抑制粘土岩、泥岩水化膨胀的优点．其线型长链卷曲成团状物,渗析于孔壁表面或孔隙内,减少或阻止冲洗液向孔壁内渗透,具有絮凝劣质土、岩屑而不絮凝优质土的功能,把冲洗液中的岩屑携带到地面及时絮凝聚沉,从而降低冲洗液的同相含量,保持冲洗液的低比重、低粘度。详细介绍了该冲洗液的配制方法以及在不同地层中的应用,经过生产试验证实该冲液在预防钻杆内壁结垢,使孔壁园滑．防塌防缩径方面具有很好的效果。