高效液相色谱法分析地下水和饮用水中苯并(a)芘

采用液-液萃取、高效液相色谱法测定地下水和饮用水中的苯并(a)芘,建立了适用于全国地下水污染调查项目多环芳烃中苯并(a)芘必测组分的检测方法。标准曲线的线性范围为2.00～80.0ng/L,相关系数为0.9999,方法检出限为1.8ng/L,回收率为93.1%～103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为6.48%。方法检出限低,精密度好。     

ICP-MS法直接地下水中砷、锑、汞的研究

随着人们生活水平及身边环境的变化,人们对水质的要求不断的提高。卫生防疫部门对饮用水中的检测项目的灵敏度和检出限提出了新的要求,传统的分光光度法、原子荧光法、原子发射光谱法等都很难满足实际要求,由于我国多少城市饮用水多数采用地下水,所以地下水的检测要求也不断的在提高,作为地下水质中的重要污染指标砷、锑、汞的检出限及限量值都在不同程度的下降,传统方法只能通过富集、吸附、蒸发浓缩等手段才能满足要求,但这将使得分析流程变长,准确性变差,试剂使用量过大。     

贺州：开展饮用水水源保护专项行动

2014年8月以来,广西贺州市国土资源局开展集中式饮用水水源保护专项行动,重点清查饮用水水源保护区的违法占地和非法采矿行为,切实加强饮用水水源保护,维护群众切身利益。     

Arsenic Distribution Pattern in Different Sources of Drinking Water and their Geological Background in Guanzhong Basin,Shaanxi, China

To study arsenic(As) content and distribution patterns as well as the genesis of different kinds of water, especially the different sources of drinking water in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi province, China, 139 water samples were collected at 62 sampling points from wells of different depths, from hot springs, and rivers. The As content of these samples was measured by the intermittent flowhydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method(HG-AFS). The As concentrations in the drinking water in Guanzhong Basin vary greatly(0.00–68.08 μg/L), and the As concentration of groundwater in southern Guanzhong Basin is different from that in the northern Guanzhong Basin. Even within the same location in southern Guanzhong Basin, the As concentrations at different depths vary greatly. As concentration of groundwater from the shallow wells(50 m deep, 0.56–3.87 μg/L) is much lower than from deep wells(110–360 m deep, 19.34–62.91 μg/L), whereas As concentration in water of any depth in northern Guanzhong Basin is 10 μg/L. Southern Guanzhong Basin is a newly discovered high-As groundwater area in China. The high-As groundwater is mainly distributed in areas between the Qinling Mountains and Weihe River; it has only been found at depths ranging from 110 to 360 m in confined aquifers, which store water in the Lishi and Wucheng Loess(Lower and Middle Pleistocene) in the southern Guanzhong Basin. As concentration of hot spring water is 6.47–11.94 μg/L; that of geothermal water between 1000 and 1500 m deep is 43.68–68.08 μg/L. The high-As well water at depths from 110 to 360 m in southern Guanzhong Basin has a very low fluorine(F) value, which is generally 0.10 mg/L. Otherwise, the hot springs of Lintong and Tangyu and the geothermal water in southern Guanzhong Basin have very high F values(8.07–14.96 mg/L). The results indicate that highAs groundwater in depths from 110 to 360 m is unlikely to have a direct relationship with the geothermal water in the same area. As concentration of all reservoirs and rivers(both contaminated and uncontaminated) in the Guanzhong Basin is 10 μg/L. This shows that pollution in the surface water is not the source of the high-As in the southern Guanzhong Basin. The partition boundaries of the high- and low-As groundwater area corresponds to the partition boundaries of the tectonic units in the Guanzhong Basin. This probably indicates that the high-As groundwater areas can be correlated to their geological underpinning and structural framework. In southern Guanzhong Basin, the main sources of drinking water for villages and small towns today are wells between 110–360 m deep. All of their As contents exceed the limit of the Chinese National Standard and the International Standard(10 μg/L) and so local residents should use other sources of clean water that are 50 m deep, instead of deep groundwater(110 to 360 m) for their drinking water supply.     

Impacts of Coagulation Pretreatment on MF Filtration and a Comparative Study of Different Membrane Module Types

Changes in the regulatory requirements and the forthcoming Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products （D/DBP） Rule will require that drinking water treatment facilities be operated to achieve maximum removals of particles and disinfectant tolerant microorganisms as well as natural organic matter （NOM）. For drinking water production, the use of membrane filtration processes such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration （MF/UF） alone to satisfy the turbidity, particle and microorganism removal a requirement of the surface water treatment regulation （SWTR） is not enough. MF/UF treatment processes can achieve only nominal （10 percent） removal of disinfection by-products （DBP） precursors （James, et al., 1995）. On the other hand, too fast fouling can make the filtration processes more difficult to carry on. To solve these problems, many authors have been interested in installing coagulation pretreatment before membrane filtration to improve membrane performance. However, previous studies reported conflicting results. Some supported the effectiveness of coagulation pretreatment, while others contended that coagulation aggravated membrane performance. This research aims to identify the effects of coagulation pretreatment on membrane filtration through a pilot study using PVDF membrane in combination with analyzing the rationale of coagulation. Another objective of this research was to evaluate the different impacts on membrane performance of using different membrane modules （the submerged module and pressured module）. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment greatly improved the membrane performance, extending the filtration time as well as reducing the permeated organic level, and that the submerged module is much more efficient than the pressured module.     

宕昌县城区饮用水源地水库库区工程地质条件与地质评价

为研究宕昌县城区饮用水源地库区工程地质条件及存在的工程地质问题,文章主要从地形地貌、地层岩性、物理地质现象、区域地质构造与不良地质现象、水文地质等方面进行全面论述,并根据工程地质条件对库区渗漏、水库浸没与库岸稳定、水库诱发地震等地质问题进行评价。研究认为,水库不存在向邻谷的渗漏问题;库区岩性完整,无区域性的活动断层通过,水库蓄水后,发生诱发地震的可能性小。研究可为下一步水库坝址、坝型及枢纽建筑物的选型、布置等提供技术指导及数据支撑。     

ICP-MS对宝鸡市地表水中8种痕量重金属的测定

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱质谱法(ICP-MS)测定宝鸡市地表水中铍(Be)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钼(Mo)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、锑(Sb)、铊(Tl)8种痕量重金属的浓度,结果显示8种元素在1.0~50μg/L的浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限在0.01~0.07μg/L之间,各元素的相对偏差在0.587%~1.861%之间,平均加标回收率在93.0%~97.7%之间,此方法适用于清洁地表水中超痕量重金属元素的测定。     

浅析高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定饮用水中的灭草松和2,4-D

利用高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法,同时测定饮用水中灭草松和2,4-D,水样经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后直接上机,经高效液相色谱分离后,采用质谱/质谱法测定。结果表明,灭草松和2,4-D分别在0.25~8.00μg/L和1.00~30.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数分别为0.9987和0.9980,检出限为0.002μg/L和0.004μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为7.5%~8.0%和2.9%~4.8%,加标回收率分别在73.6%~90.4%和90.3%~103.0%之间。完全满足饮用水中灭草松和2,4-D的测定。     

饮用水的生态—地球化学特征

本文通过对前苏联某些河流流径矿带的河水及城市市自来水中铀及其他有害元素的污染研究，探讨了饮用水的生态－地球化学特征，不同地区具不同的天然环境和不同的天然异常生态环境，但多数污染除重金属之外，主要来自农药中的杀虫剂和硝酸盐，事实证明，天然和人工的污染物能无障碍地进入地下水系统中，为了有效地评价饮用水的质量必须开展生态－地球化学填图。