Size Distributions and Elemental Compositions of Particulate Matter on Clear, Hazy and Foggy days in Beijing, China

Total suspended particulates(TSP)samples were collected using low pressure impactors(Andersen Series 20-800,USA)on typical clear,hazy and foggy days in Beijing in order to investigate the characteristics of size distributions and elemental compositions of particulate matter(PM)in different weather conditions. The concentrations of sixteen elements,including Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,Ba,Tl and Pb were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results showed that Ca,Al,Fe,Mg and Ba on foggy days were 2.0-2.6 times higher than on clear days,and 2.3-2.9 times higher than on hazy days.Concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Se and Pb on foggy days were 163.5,1186.7,65.9,32.0 and 708.2 ng m-3,respectively,in fine particles,and 68.1,289.5,19.8,1.6 and 103.8 ng m-3,respectively,in coarse particles.This was 1.0-8.4 times higher and 1.4-7.4 times higher than on clear and hazy days,respectively.It is then shown that Mg,Al,Fe,Ca and Ba were mainly associated with coarse particles,peaking at 4.7-5.8μm;that Cd,Se,Zn,As,Tl and Pb were most dominant in fine particles,peaking at 0.43-1.1μm;and that Na,K,Ni,Cu and Mn had a multi-mode distribution,with peaks at 0.43-1.1μm and 4.7-5.8μm.The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.     

2006-2010年泾河站日照时数分析

利用泾河、西安、高陵站2006-2010年气象月报表资料,对影响日照的云量、大雾、轻雾、霾、降水等气象要素统计分析。结果表明：在同样的天气背景下,泾河站的日照时数均比西安、高陵偏少,造成这一现象的主要原因与其所处的地理位置有较大关系,泾河站地处泾河工业园区,南北紧邻渭河、泾河两大河流,同时又是城市建设大开发、大发展时期,比西安、高陵雾、霾日数明显偏多,造成日照时数偏少。     

贵州雾的时空分布特征

采用贵州84个测站累计44a的雾资料,分别从各站多年平均雾日、各站累年出现雾日最多的月份及日数、各站雾最长持续时间、白天雾与夜间雾的概率分布等要素入手,分析贵州雾的时空分布气候特征.     

雾闪停电灾害的成因分析

对沈阳地区2001年2月22日发生的严重雾闪停电灾害作了成因分析。指出低空杂质对绝缘瓷瓶的污染是重要原因，过冷水滴雾在瓷瓶上的大量粘附是必要条件，因此冬春过渡季节的2月份是雾闪灾害的多发月。     

重庆市三峡库区光能资源现状分析

本文由影响太阳辐射的因子入手、分别从云、雾、日照时数（百分率）、太阳辐射量等方面做了深入地分析，从天文气象意义到时空分布规律，从一般到个体，从现象到成因。     

京津塘高速公路雾气候特征与气象条件分析

利用1954-2002年的北京、天津和塘沽3站的雾日、雾发生时间以及气象观测资料,对京津塘高速公路沿线雾的气候特征以及气象条件进行了分析.结果发现,京津塘沿线多年平均雾日在15～19天.北京、天津两站的雾日年际变化一致.但在多年雾日变化上北京雾日数略呈逐年下降趋势,而天津、塘沽则略呈上升趋势.京津塘公路沿线雾多在凌晨到日出前后生成,在日出后逐渐消失.雾持续时间随时间变化呈指数递减.地面温度、相对湿度、风速等气象要素对京津塘高速公路沿线雾的预报具有较好的指示意义.地面温度在-5～5℃范围内、风速在0～4m·s-1和相对湿度在90%～100%范围里,雾极易发生.     

雾闪及其危害

雾闪是由于浓雾中所含的污染物较多,使电线受到"污染",导致含雾空气导电率剧增,引起输电线路短路、跳闸、掉闸等故障,造成电网大面积断电的现象。"雾闪"可以使电力机车停运、工厂停产、市民生活断电。