冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展

冲绳海槽作为浅水陆架与深海大洋之间联系的过渡地带,其海底的厚层沉积物记录了晚第四纪海平面波动、构造活动、气候变化,以及冲绳海槽古环境演化信息,因此,对于冲绳海槽沉积物的研究一直是边缘海研究中的热点问题之一,而识别沉积物物源成为解决这一系列问题的关键。众多学者已对冲绳海槽沉积物的来源进行了诸多探讨,并取得了丰硕的成果。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,系统地总结了冲绳海槽沉积物的来源及示踪方法,包括矿物学、地球化学以及环境磁学,评述了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来沉积物物源的识别工作提出了展望。     

2008年中国沿岸冬季寒潮激发陆架波的小波分析

This study applies the wavelet analysis to the tidal gauge records, alongshore winds, atmospheric temperature and pressure along the China coast in winter 2008. The analysis results show three events of sea level oscillations(SLOs) on the shelf induced by winter storms. The first event occurred from January 9 to 21. The SLO periods were double-peaked at 1.6–5.3 and 7.0–16.0 d with the power densities of 0.04–0.05 and 0.10–0.15 m2·d, respectively.The second event occurred from February 5 to 18. The SLO period was single-peaked at 2.3–3.5 d with power density of 0.03–0.04 m2·d. The third event occurred from February 20 to March 8. The SLO periods were doublepeaked at 1.5–4.3 and 6.1–8.2 d with the power densities of 0.08–0.11 and 0.02–0.08 m2·d, respectively. The SLOs propagated along the coast from Zhejiang in north to Guangdong in south. The phase speeds ranged about 9–29m/s from Kanmen to Pingtan, 5–11 m/s from Xiamen to Huizhou and 11–22 m/s from Huizhou to Shuidong. The dispersion relation of the SLOs shows their nature of coastal-trapped wave.     

粉质土海底边界层动态演化过程波浪水槽实验

The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction.     

东海陆架外缘区构造特征及其成因机制

东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。     

稳健的回光反射平面靶心定位算法

针对因回光反射平面标靶点云数据缺失或冗余而难以准确计算靶心坐标的问题,本文提出一种基于距离标靶重心最远点的边缘点提取和靶心定位算法。首先,进行点云数据预处理,先人工大概选取出标靶点云所在位置,并根据回光反射强度信息提取出标靶点云,对标靶点云进行粗差剔除、投影以及坐标旋转等工作;然后,进行边缘点提取,应用所提的边缘点提取算法对投影到二维平面的标靶点云进行边缘点提取;最后,进行靶心定位,先应用抗差最小二乘对边缘点进行拟合计算圆心坐标,然后将其旋转回三维空间作为靶心坐标计算值。实验结果表明,本文提出的边缘点提取算法能高效、准确地提取出标靶边缘点,比文献[12]中的边缘点提取算法节约了大量时间,并且应用所提取出的边缘点能稳健地计算出靶心坐标,与基准值的偏差在亚毫米以内,优于文献[11]、[12]算法靶心计算精度,有效地解决了残缺或冗余的回光反射平面标靶点云靶心定位问题。     

A study of internal solitary waves observed on the continental shelf in the northwestern South China Sea

Based on in-situ time series data from the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and thermistor chain in Wenchang area, a sequence of internal solitary wave (ISW) packets was observed in September 2005, propagating northwest on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea (SCS). Corresponding to different stratification of the water column and tidal condition, both elevation and depression ISWs were observed at the same mooring location with amplitude of 35 m and 25 m respectively in different days. Regular arrival of the remarkable ISW packets at approximately the diurnal tidal period and the dominance of diurnal internal waves in the study area, strongly suggest that the main energy source of the waves is the diurnal tide. Notice that the wave packets were all riding on the troughs and shoulders of the internal tides, they were probably generated locally from the shelf break by the evolution of the internal tides due to nonlinear and dispersive effects.     

澳大利亚西北陆架中生界生储盖组合特征

澳大利亚西北陆架是一个贫油富气的地区,在近年的勘探开发中显示出广阔的前景。区域上包含4个盆地和1个造山带:北卡那封盆地、柔布克盆地、布劳斯盆地、波拿巴盆地和帝汶—班达褶皱带。西北陆架油气绝大多数集中在中生界。中生界发育4套主要烃源岩:三叠系湖相泥页岩、下—中侏罗统海相和海陆交互相碳质泥岩和煤系、上侏罗统海相页岩及下白垩统海相泥页岩;主要储集岩为中—上三叠统三角洲—边缘海相砂岩、下—中侏罗统砂岩、上侏罗统砂岩和白垩系砂岩;主要区域性盖层是下白垩统海相泥页岩。根据生储盖组合的沉积环境,主要发育海生海储海盖型和陆生陆储陆盖型两大生储盖组合类型。海生海储海盖型生储盖组合广泛分布于西北大陆架,是区域最重要的成藏组合。     

图像处理在客流检测中的算法研究

为了将图像处理技术应用于智能客流检测,准确及时地获取运动信息,对视频图像中运动物体的分割与跟踪技术进行研究,将图像分割与跟踪技术有机地结合在一起。采用帧间与帧内相结合的分割算法,将图像填充技术应用于图像分割,消除了背景区域的干扰以及图像处理过程中造成的失真,达到了准确获取视频流中运动物体的目的。在图像跟踪过程,引入了边缘衍生点的概念,在此基础上,提出基于部分轮廓线特征点集的多线程跟踪算法,把运动物体跟踪转变为连续帧间特征点集匹配的问题,极大地减少了运算量,解决了图像跟踪处理领域中目标物体自遮挡与不完全遮挡的难题。经客流测试证明,文中方法能够对上下车客流数量进行准确统计。