层间氧化带分散元素铼与硒的超常富集机制探讨--以伊犁盆地扎吉斯坦层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床为例

本文以伊犁盆地扎吉斯坦层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床为例,阐述了其中分散元素Re与Se的超常富集规律。研究表明分散元素Re与Se在空间上与砂岩U矿体密切共生,但其超常富集又具有独立性;在矿源等条件具备的情况下,层间氧化作用可以促使分散元素Re与Se超常富集并独立成矿,是一种潜在的分散元素成矿新机制。     

层间氧带砂岩型铀矿床的铁物相特征及其地球化学意义——以伊犁盆地511铀矿床和吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床为例

层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床在空间上与层间氧化带各亚型的分布具有严格的对应关系。铁元素的物相特征是所处地球化学环境变化的敏感标志，FeFe2O3/TFe,Fe(FeCO3 FeS2)/TFe,FeFe2O3/Fe(FeCO3 FeS2)等比值是反映地球环境变化的重要指标，应用铁物相特征及其以上比值，可以简捷地对层间氧化带进行亚带的划分，这对指导铀矿勘查具有重要理论和实践意义，过渡带中菱铁矿（FeCO3)和黄铁矿（FeS2)等对地球化学环境敏感的矿物的富集，指示了有利于铀成矿的中性－弱酸性，还原的地球化学环境。     

柴达木盆地西北缘昆特依凹陷的双层钾盐成矿模式特征及成因

柴达木盆地是我国和世界重要的钾盐产地,目前对地表浅层盐湖钾盐研究颇多,但对深部碎屑孔隙钾盐研究较少.本文以昆特依凹陷为例,总结柴达木盆地钾盐成矿的时空变化规律,通过对该区地质、水文、古环境及卤水储层特征等分析建立“双层钾盐”成矿模式:上层为赋存在Q p2-h盐湖相化学盐类晶体裂隙间的晶间卤水,下层是Q p1冲洪积相砂砾孔隙卤水.采用聚类分析、特征系数、介稳相图、piper三线图及氢氧同位素等数理、地球化学手段分析上、下层卤水离子含量,探讨“双层钾盐”模式成因和上、下层卤水的内在联系.研究认为,昆特依凹陷内“双层钾盐”赋存卤水均为陆相沉积环境中的盐岩溶滤水,其中上层晶间卤水更多表现为盐岩溶解,但也不乏溶滤作用,下层砂砾孔隙卤水则着重表现为石盐的溶解;上层晶间卤水表现出下层砂砾孔隙卤水深度演化的特征,下层砂砾孔隙卤水具有对深部古盐岩层及上层晶间层的继承性;昆特依凹陷周边的新近纪背斜构造区油田水在成因上也与“双层钾盐”卤水密切相关.     

秦岭的大地构造演化

一项中瑞合作研究成果表明,中国秦岭属碰撞型造山带。秦岭是在中生代造山运动早期由华北大陆板块与扬子大陆板块碰撞而成。原存于两大板块之间的古特提斯洋在泥盆纪时即已开始消减,仅部分洋壳残余于碰撞混杂岩中。     

纳木错湖相沉积与藏北高原古大湖

藏北高原古湖岸线分布广泛，湖相沉积与湖成地貌发育，目前，在纳木错沿岸可清晰地划分出4-6级湖岸阶地，最高湖相沉积高出现代湖面150m，沿岸堤可多达50条，雄曲-那曲谷地是连接纳木错盆地与其以西的仁错-久如错盆地的分水谷地，也是构成纳木错2湖岸阶地顶部的第四纪湖相沉积，构成宽谷的谷底，从最高湖岸线的分布与湖相沉积物、湖成地貌等标志综合判定，古大湖泊的面积要比现代湖泊面积大数十倍，末次古大湖的时代发生于末次冰期间冰段。     

漂浮型铜藻与养殖裙带菜的光合作用、生长和物质积累的差异及其在两种藻竞争中的作用

近年来,由漂浮型铜藻(Sargassum horneri)频繁引发的金潮对东海、黄海沿岸的经济海藻养殖造成了巨大威胁.本研究针对3个生长阶段的裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)和同期出现的铜藻,测定二者在不同温度和不同光照强度下的光合速率;本研究设计了温度、光照和培养模式这3个因素:温度1月为5℃,4月为...     

Past and Future Changes in the Climate of Hong Kong

Over the years, the Hong Kong Observatory has carried out scientific studies to evaluate the observed climate trends and project the future climate in Hong Kong. Analysis of the meteorological observations at the observatory's headquarters in Tsim Sha Tsui since 1885 reveals that the temperature rise in Hong Kong during the past 124 years is in accord with the global rising trend. The accelerated rising trend in the mean temperature in last few decades may be attributed to the anthropogenic influences, especially urbanization. A similar increasing trend is also observed for rainfall. Other observations such as increasing cloud amount and decreasing total global solar radiation are all consistent with the global trend. Studies of past occurrences of extreme temperature and rainfall have also been carried out. The results indicate that cold episodes have become rarer while very hot days and heavy rain events are becoming more frequent. The observatory also makes use of the data from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and employs statistical downscaling techniques to carry out projections of temperature and precipitation in the 21st century. It is found that the rise in temperature in Hong Kong will be slightly higher than the global mean in the 21st century. The annual rainfall in Hong Kong is also expected to rise by the end of the 21st century, so is its year-to-year variability.     

Impacts of the Zonal Position of the East Asian Westerly Jet Core on Precipitation Distribution During Meiyu of China

The east-west location change of the East Asian westerly jet （EAWJ） at 200 hPa during Meiyu and the associated spatial distribution variation of precipitation in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLYR） are investigated by using the 40-yr NCEP/NCAR （National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research） pentad mean reanalysis data and daily precipitation observation data from 1958 to 1997. The results show that there are two areas over which the 200-hPa EAWJ center appears most frequently during the Meiyu period： one is the western Pacific （WP） and the other is the East Asian continent （EAC）. During the Meiyu period, the westerly jet over the EAC is weak, and the core of the westerly jet over the WP splits up with reduced intensity and disappears by the end of Meiyu. The changes in the location and intensity of the westerly jet are associated not only with the starting and ending dates of Meiyu, but also with the spatial distribution and intensity of precipitation in the MLYR. It is found that when the westerly jet core in the upper troposphere is located over the WP and is coupled with an 850-hPa southwesterly jet, heavy precipitation accompanied by strong convergence and plenty supply of water vapor, occurs in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. If the 200-hPa westerly jet core is located over the EAC, and without an 850-hPa southwesterly jet, only weak precipitation occurs in the MLYR. Therefore, the longitudinal location of the EAWJ core plays an important role in determining the upper- to lower-level circulation structure and the spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in the MLYR during the Meiyu period.     

多种均一性检验方法比较研究

气候资料的均一性检验对气候观测及变化研究有着重要作用。本文从四川省160个台站近50年气温资料中,选取具有连续观测记录的站点105个,综合SNHT(标准正态均一性检验)、Buishand检验、Pettitt检验、MASH(均一性序列多元分析)、TPR(二位相回归检验)和von Neumann比率法,对该省年平均气温进行均一性检验。结果表明有42个台站存在序列间断点,占40%;而不均一台站中,因迁站导致的有29个,更换仪器引起的有19个。对气温序列分年代统计发现不均一台站数目有增加的趋势,其中20世纪60—70和80—90年代不均一性均由台站迁移所致。评估不同检验方法的敏感度和适用性,发现SNHT法与Buishand法、Pettitt法检验结果相符率为48.6%,TPR法与其他方法相符率偏低,但该法不涉及邻近站是否均一,在分析中可做补充判断。参考四川省地形特征分析,SNHT法在盆地及山地台站的断点显露率最高,分别为67.6%和57.1%,漏检和误判较少;高原地区SNHT法和Buishand法显露率较高,其中Buishand法漏检和误判率最低。鉴于减小对元数据依赖度的均一化检验思路,应采用多种检验方法综合,有助于气候资料在区域气候变化研究中的有效利用。     

广西北山铅锌、硫铁矿矿床地质特征及找矿远景分析

北山铅锌、硫铁矿床是典型的密西西比河谷(MVT)型铅锌矿,近几年的深边部勘探取得了较大的突破,新增资源储量达大型.文章在以往找矿成果的基础上,通过对其矿床成因及控矿因素的分析,发现张性断层带、层间破碎带和岩性组合为北山铅锌矿床主要的控矿因素,对矿床找矿远景进行分析后,探讨找矿方向.