Distribution of heavy metals in an incineration system of solid wastes in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River

On the basis of investigations on the composition and contents of heavy metals in the domestic refuse in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River, in combination with the experimental results, this paper deals with the distribution rule of heavy metals in the various compartments of an incineration system： leachate pool, fly ash and residue. It is concluded that in the leachate pool heavy metals should not be neglectable since about 30% of Pb and 10% of Cr are leached here; in the incineration system, above 74% of Cr, As and Pb exists in residue; above 96% of Hg exists in fly ash and the contents of Cd in fly ash are close to those of residue. It is also concluded that the physical conditions of incineration have a significant influence on the distribution of heavy metals in the incineration system.     

长江中游荆江段地下水排泄的量化及其空间差异性分析

地下水与河流的相互作用对于维持河流生态系统的健康十分关键,但是目前对于地下水向湿润地区大型河流排泄过程的定量化研究较为薄弱.针对这一问题,以长江中游荆江段为研究区,通过野外采样和水文气象数据收集,利用222Rn质量平衡模型定量估算长江中游荆江段的地下水排泄,并用EC质量平衡模型及水量平衡模型验证222Rn质量平衡的结果 .结果显示：长江中游荆江段的平均地下水排泄速率为133 mm/d,排泄总量为1.06×108 m3/d,对水量平衡的贡献约为10.99%.其中枝城-沙市段地下水排泄速率最大,监利-螺山段地下水排泄速率最低.含水层富水性和地下水位可能是控制地下水排泄速率的关键因素.本研究对于流域水资源管理具有重要意义,也可为今后长江中游地区水资源的合理开发利用以及生态环境保护提供理论依据.     

长江中游江西江段环境地质问题及对防洪工程的影响

本文根据现有资料，对长江江西江段的水土流失，江湖淤积、地面沉降等环境地质问题进行了分析，阐述了其对防洪工程的影响，并提出了对环境地质问题的防治与建议。     

福建九龙江河口地区第四纪地层划分与沉积环境分析

以福建沿海主要河流九龙江河口为例,基于九龙江河口北港厦漳跨海大桥北段东侧海域钻孔(ZKH3),并结合九龙江河口以往有关钻孔资料,应用层序地层和年代地层学对比方法,对钻孔所揭露的沉积地层,以岩石地层为基础,依据其地层岩性、岩相特征、沉积环境,配合AMS(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry,加速器质...     

都江堰的防旱启示

开挖洋溪口引水入洞庭平原,是一项利用自然条件又耗资不巨,又不影响三峡水库蓄水和长江中下游总水文形势的可持续发展工程。     

Near-bed sediment transport in a heavily modified coastal plain estuary

Numerous estuaries of the world have been strongly modified by human activities.These interferences can make great adjustments of not only sediment transport processes,but also the collective behavior of the estuary.This paper provides a typical case of a heavily modified coastal plain estuary of Sheyang on the China coast,where a sluice barrage was built in 1956 to stop the intrusions of storm surges and saline water.Four sets of instrumented tripods were simultaneously deployed along a cross-shore transect to continuously observe near-bed flow currents and sediment transport.The in-situ surveys lasted over a spring and neap tide cycle when a strong wind event occurred in the neap tide.Comparisons of flows and sediment transport between tide-dominated and wind-dominated conditions demonstrated the important role of episodic wind events in flows and sediment transport.The wind-induced currents,bottom stresses,and sediment transport rates were significantly greater when wind was present than corresponding quantities induced by the tides.The long-shore sediment transport induced by winds exceeds the cross-shore component,especially near the river mouth bar.These results indicate the noticeable importance of wave-dominated coastal processes in shaping topographic features.A regime shift of estuarine evolution under highly intense human forcing occurs from fluvial to marine processes.This finding suggests that the management strategy of the estuarine system should focus on the restoration of estuarine processes,rather than the present focus on inhibition of marine dynamics.     

水库及周缘地区诱发地震危险性评定的一种模型及其应用

对已蓄水并建有地震观测台网、毗邻长江三峡水库的湖北清江隔河岩水库及其周缘地区各不同位置的诱震总体组合环境（条件）及相应的诱发地震活动结果进行统计、计算和分析,建立了一种诱发地震危险性评定模型,据此模型对长江三峡水库及其周缘地区的水库诱发地震危险性进行了预测和评价     

把脉长江生态

正"环保话题可能是今年两会比较受关注的话题。我这个提案不仅是说江豚,还关乎长江生态环境。以江豚为代表的长江水系的渔业资源,是长江生态中非常重要的环节,可如今它们的生存却因为长江的过度开发,造成食物链断裂,生存空间变小,甚至面临灭绝。"     

三峡水库对长江河口北支咸潮倒灌影响探讨

为了解三峡水库的运行对长江河口北支咸潮倒灌的影响,对三峡水库初步运行前后北支咸潮倒灌的变化进行了分析.结果表明:三峡水库运行后,受水库下泄水量变化影响,北支咸潮倒灌时间提前,10~11月咸潮倒灌强度增加,12月至次年4月倒灌强度减弱,咸潮倒灌强度的降幅小于增幅;在咸潮倒灌最为严重和长江口淡水利用最为重要的1~4月,水库的实际运行所引起的北支咸潮倒灌减弱的幅度并不大;三峡水库的实际运行使得北支咸潮倒灌的强度在各月重新分配,但对一年中整个咸潮期咸潮倒灌的总强度影响不大;水库运行后,北支极端咸潮倒灌的强度降低,这对提高长江口水源地的供水安全及保证率有利.     

Characteristic elemental compositions of the Yangtze River and Yellow River surface sediments and their geological background

Significant differences are noticed in major and trace element compositions between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River surface sediments.The former sediments are rich in some major elements such as K,Fe,Mg,Al,and most of the trace elements which show wide variations in element concentrations,whereas the Yellow River sediments only have higher Ca,Na,Sr,Ba,Th,Ga,Zr,Hf contents and show slight variations in element contents.In the Yangtze River Basin are widely distributed intermediate-acid igneous rocks and complicated source rocks together with strong chemical weathering which determine the elemental compositions of the Yangtze River sediments,while the elemental compositions of the Yellow River sediments are decided by the chemical composition of loess from the Loess Plateau and intense physical weatering.Cu,Zn,Sc,Ti,Fe,V,Ni,Cr,Co,Li and Be can be used to distinguish the Yangtze River sediments from te Yellow River sediments and be treated as tracers for both the sediments to study the processes of their mixing and diffusion in the coastal zones of China.