长江中下游地区湖北钉螺线粒体CO I基因遗传变异研究

从长江中、下游的江苏省丹徒区和邗江区、浙江省平湖市、湖北省武昌区、江西省余干县和彭泽县、安徽省安庆市和贵池区等5个血吸虫病流行省8个点现场采集湖北钉螺样本,提取基因组DNA、PCR特异性扩增线粒体DNA细胞色素c氧化酶亚单位1（COI）基因,用ClustalX 1．81软件进行多序列比对,MEGA4．0软件中的Kimu...     

乌桕抑螺生化机理的研究

为深入挖掘我国抑螺植物资源,加大血吸虫病植物防治力度,以我国重要经济树种、传统土农药——乌桕为研究对象,利用不同浓度的乌桕鲜叶石油醚提取液浸杀钉螺,对浸杀后钉螺的头、足部与肝脏,进行蛋白质、酶和糖元等生化因子的分析研究,为科学评价与合理利用抑螺植物提供方法及依据。     

2009年洞庭湖区垸内钉螺空间特征分析

钉螺为血吸虫的唯一中间宿主,了解钉螺的空间分布规律对于控制血吸虫病有一定的作用。运用GIS空间统计和地统计方法,分析了2009年洞庭湖血吸虫病疫区活螺密度的空间分布规律:活螺密度呈高聚类模式分布,主要沿湖沿河分布,样点具有强烈的空间自相关性,其中反向聚集区域有(z<-2.58)567个点,正向聚集区域有(z>2.58)540个点,说明钉螺点的辐射效应比较高,血吸虫病容易扩散到周边地区。同时,建立了活螺密度的空间预测图,得出了样点数据的半变异函数呈多项式分布。     

枫香等3种植物水浸液灭螺效果的初步研究

对枫香、无患子、博落回等3种植物与枫杨、乌桕及其组合叶片水浸液抑螺效果在控温(25±1)℃和常温两种条件下进行了比较研究,同时初步研究了博落回不同部位水浸液的杀螺效果。结果表明:①在控温(25±1)℃和常温条件下,单一树种枫香、无患子、博落回叶片的水浸液均有较好的灭螺活性;②在相同的实验条件下,枫杨+乌桕+枫香等组合处理与单一植物材料水浸液的灭螺效果差异不显著,枫杨+乌桕组合对钉螺的抑制率略低于单一树种;(3)博落回不同部位灭螺效果有一定差异,根的灭螺效果明显低于叶和茎,不同部位的平均灭螺效果依次为:叶茎根。     

环形生态水槽流动的特性研究

实测了环形生态水槽内的流速分布。采用柱坐标系下的κ-ε湍流模型及SIMPLE算法,对该流场进行了数值模拟。从计算结果和实验资料的分析比较看出,计算结果可靠。在此流场内进行了钉螺的运动特点的实验研究,结果表明钉螺具有流速敏感性,对研究钉螺的随流扩散具有重要意义。     

精心组织狠抓落实努力将林业血防工程打造成精品工程

<正>江西省是血吸虫病流行严重的省份之一,以湖沼型和山丘型分布为主,历史上累计钉螺面积达356万亩,疫区范围涉及南昌等8个设区市、39个县(市、区)、337个乡(镇、场)的2318个行政村,疫区人口达400多万。多年来,江西省结合长防林、退耕还林等林业重点     

血吸虫病防治

<正>血吸虫是血吸虫病的病原体,作为人体血吸虫病病原体的主要有:曼氏血吸虫Schistoso mamansoni、埃及血吸虫S.heamatobium、间插血吸虫S.intercalatum、日本血吸虫S.japonicum以及湄公血吸虫S.mekongi。流行于亚洲的有日本血吸虫病、湄公血吸虫病、曼氏血吸虫病和埃及血吸虫病。     

适合钉螺、血吸虫生长发育的气候条件变化

根据有关研究成果,分别取日平均气温5.87℃和15.17℃为钉螺和日本血吸虫生长的下限温度,取3846.28 d·℃和842.95 d·℃为其有效积温指标。以1986年为分界点,利用1950-2003年气象台站日平均气温资料,计算了80%保证率下,5 d滑动平均气温稳定通过5.87℃和15.17℃的起始日和结束日以及历年有效积温,借助ArcGIS8.3模块分析了钉螺和血吸虫生长发育季节气候条件的变化。结果表明：气候变化使大部分地区钉螺和血吸虫生长发育季节延长,生长发育速度加快。气候变化可能使钉螺感染季节延长,感染率增高。     

遥感与地理信息系统技术在洪湖市湿地钉螺分布研究中的应用

血吸虫(Schistosoma)是一种寄生虫,可以寄生在人体或动物体内,主要依靠钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis)繁殖.遥感技术作为一种监测手段,辅助地理信息系统空间分析,可以有效地对钉螺分布区进行监测和数据提取.运用阈值提取和空间分析的方法,对2001年洪湖市钉螺栖息地的分布情况进行了分析和研究.在归一化植被指数为0.2～0.3和穗帽湿度指数为7～13的阈值下,提取出可疑钉螺栖息地分布的数据,根据实际钉螺分布图对其进行精度评价,其正确率达到86.20%.82.77%的可疑钉螺栖息地分布在沟渠之中,这说明沟渠具有适合钉螺生长的最佳环境条件.遥感与地理信息系统技术相结合的研究方法对洪湖市钉螺分布监测具有可行性,可以作为血吸虫防治工作的新方法.     

A Comparative Study of Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Pomacea insularum Collected from Polluted and Unpolluted Sites of the Freshwater Ecosystem in Malaysia

The snails (Pomacea insularum) were collected from polluted and unpolluted sites at Juru River and the Universiti Putra Malaysia Lake, respectively. Besides the shells, the soft tissues of snails were dissected into 6 different parts: intestine, operculum, foot, pennial sac, lung sac and the remainder. They were analyzed for the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni and Fe. The present study found 6 interesting points. First, all the metal levels found in the different parts of P. insularum collected from Juru River were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the snails of unpolluted lake. These results were also supported by the sediment data in which the Juru River sediment had significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of metal than those in the unpolluted lake. Second, the high levels of Cd and Pb were found in the shell of P. insularum, indicating that it is a potential biomonitoring material for these metals. Third, intestine accumulated elevated levels of Zn, Ni and Fe and thus is a potential biomonitoring organ for the 3 metals. Fourth, high levels of Cu were found in the lung sac and this phenomenon could be related to this metal binding to metallothionein in this organ. Fifth, elevated level of Pb found in the soft tissues of P. insularum indicated that this snail is not suitable for human consumption since its pollution level was higher than the food safety guideline for Pb. Sixth, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the different sizes (small sizes: 30.5-33.2 mm; large sizes: 37.7-40.4 mm) of P. insularum. The first 5 points supported the use of different soft tissues of P. insularum as biomonitoring organs of heavy metal pollution in the freshwater ecosystem in Malaysia although further validation is required.