泉州市街道灰尘重金属污染评价

对泉州市街道灰尘中8种重金属元素Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd,Mn,Co的含量水平和分布特征进行分析,并采用地积累指数法对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明,泉州市街道灰尘中上述重金属元素平均含量分别是泉州市土壤背景值的7.12,27.36,12.80,6.94,2.29,28.49,1.64,3.2倍;与国内外城市街道灰尘中重金属平均含量相比,泉州市街道灰尘中上述重金属元素平均含量处于中等—偏高水平;Cr,Cu,Pb在工业区含量明显高于其它功能区,而Cr,Cu,Co,Ni含量在农业区最低。地累积指数评价结果表明,Zn为偏重度污染,Cd为中度污染,Cu,Pb,Ni为偏中度污染,Co为轻度污染,Cr,Mn为无污染。     

陕西省泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属地质累积指数评价

通过对陕西省泾惠渠灌区现场调查及土壤样品的采集,分析了灌区土壤中Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Zn等7种元素的含量,应用地质累积指数对灌区土壤进行了评价。结果表明：从区域分布看,阎良区、临潼区、高陵县所属采样点污染较严重;Hg污染最严重,地质累积指数为1.007～3.117,58%的采样点级别为3级,属中度污染到强污染,38%的采样点级别为2级,属中度污染;Zn污染程度次之,地质累积指数为-0.407～1.644,71%的采样点级别为1级,属无污染到中污染;Cd污染变异程度最大,地质累积指数为-2.705～3.312,70%的采样点级别0级,属无污染,但个别采样点达到了强污染;Cu的地质累积指数为-0.535～0.421,Pb为-1.119～-0.144,Cr为-1.005～-0.458,As为-0.562～0.077,除个别点外这些重金属污染级别皆为0级,属无污染。     

基于生物可利用性与宽浓度范围的Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法的创建——以小秦岭金矿区农田土壤为例

Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法是土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价的一种常用方法,研究与实践证明其有效性的同时,也发现了其不足之处:忽略了土壤重金属不同形态之间潜在生态风险的差异,且只重视重金属含量高于参考值时的生态风险,而对低于参考值时的情况没有给予考虑,以致特定情况下的评价结果不能很好地反映实际生态风险,因而有必要创建适用性更广的Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法。为此,基于全过程控制优化的思想,引入了生物可利用性毒性系数,并将修正浓度与参考值差值引入计算公式,创建了基于生物可利用性与宽浓度范围的Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,实现了对重金属不同形态风险贡献的差异及重金属浓度低于参考值情况下潜在生态风险的准确把握。以小秦岭金矿区为典型区域,辅以对采集土样重金属总量及5种形态含量的分析,开展案例研究。结果表明,基于生物可利用性与宽浓度范围的Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法能客观地揭示土壤重金属的潜在生态风险,具有更大的适应性,是一种有效的潜在生态风险评价方法。     

非生物因子对底栖动物无齿相手蟹重金属富集量的影响

以长江口滨岸滩地生态系统一种常见的大型底栖动物无齿相手蟹(Sesarma dehaani)为研究对象,分析温度、盐度、重金属间相互作用等几个主要非生物因子对无齿相手蟹积累Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Ni的影响。结果表明,夏季无齿相手蟹对Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni的累积量高于其他季节,说明较高的温度有助于动物对重金属元素的吸收;秋季,无齿相手蟹体内的Pb含量与盐度显著负相关;春季,无齿相手蟹体内的Zn含量与盐度负相关;无齿相手蟹体内累积的Zn—Ni,Pb—Cr之间相关显著,二者均呈正相关。     

Cu(Ⅱ)污染作用下膨胀土的胀缩时程效应研究

为探讨Cu(Ⅱ)对膨胀土胀缩特性的影响,针对初始状态相同的膨胀土试样,采用浓度为2.5 g·L-1、5.0 g·L-1、10.0 g·L-1的CuSO4溶液以及去离子水进行处理,开展一系列重金属Cu(Ⅱ)污染作用下的胀缩性试验,并运用Does Response模型对胀缩时程曲线进行描述;利用马尔文激光粒度测试,分析了污...     

贵州郑家小洞内动物重金属含量及与土壤和水体的关系研究

通过对安顺郑家小洞内的动物和重金属污染进行调查研究,共获动物标本551号,隶属3门6纲10目20科29种（或类群）。对5个动物类群（螺类、马陆、斑灶马、蝙蝠粪和山蛩虫）、洞穴土壤和洞穴水的重金属含量进行了测定,研究了各动物类群的富集系数和洞穴土壤的污染指数并进行了评价。结果显示蝙蝠粪便中Zn的含量最高（670.5 mg/kg）,间接说明了洞穴外围环境中的Zn污染较为严重,马陆对Ni与斑灶马对Cr和Ni无富集能力。各元素在3个光带土壤中的平均值含量都超过了我国的土壤背景值,按顺序排列为Zn >Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd,水体为Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu> Pb > Hg > As > Cd。单项污染指数表明Hg、Ni和Zn为重污染,在3个光带中的平均值分别为5.11、3.18和3.20。从综合污染指数看,3个光带的平均值为2.17,属轻污染,说明该洞穴有重金属污染但不严重。      

Environmental impacts from mining at Taojiang Mn ore deposit, central Hunan, China

The Taojiang Mn ore deposit was exploited in the early 1960s, and waste rocks were developed since then. Because the Mn ores were hosted within the metal-enriched black shales （Peng et al., 2004）, the continuous mining has led to the exposure of an immense quality of black shales, which might cause serious impacts on environments. The present study deals with this environmental issue with samples from the waste rocks, and from the surrounding soils and surface water. The mineralogy of the waste rock was studied using EMPA, then a large number of elements in all waste rock, soil, and water samples were analyzed at a wide range of concentrations with high accuracy using an Elan6000 ICP-MS machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The waste rock is composed mostly of black shales, with minor Mn carbonates. Both black shales and Mn carbonates of the waste rock contain many sulfide minerals, mainly pyrite, with minor galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and others. The waste rocks are enriched in many metals including Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Sn, Tl, and others, and the metals are mostly hosted within the sulfides. Weathering of waste rocks might cause emission of the following metals： V, Cd, Ni, Th, U, Mo, Sb, Tl, Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, and minor Co, and Pb. The surrounding soils are highly enriched in Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cd, Tl, and Pb, with the enrichment factors of 2.67.3.8, 7.26, 7.27, 8.2, 5.7, 13, and 5.4, respectively. The element ratios （Rb/Cs, Fe/Mn, Nb/Zr, Hf/Zr, and Ba/Sr） and REE distribution patterns of the soils are similar to those of the waste rocks and bedrocks.     

A novel strategy using biodegradable EDDS for the chemically enhanced phytoextraction of soils contaminated with heavy metals

For the sake of cost and potential environmental risk, it is necessary to minimize the amount of chelates used in chemically-enhanced phytoextraction. In the present study, a biodegradable chelating agent, EDDS was added in a hot solution at 90℃ to the soil in which garland chrysanthemum （Chrysanthemum coronarium L.） and beans （Phaseolus vulgaris L., white bean） were growing. The application of hot chelate solutions was much more efficient than the application of normal chelate solutions （25℃） in improving the uptake of heavy metals by plants. When 1 mmol kg1 of EDDS as a hot solution was applied to soil, the concentrations ofCu, Zn and Cd and the total phytoextraction by the shoots of the two plant species exceeded or approximated those in the shoots of plants treated with 5 mmol kg^-1 of normal EDTA solution. The concentrations of metals in the shoots of beans were significantly correlated with the relative electrolyte leakage rate of root cells, indicating that the root damage resulting from the hot solution might play an important role in the process of chelate-enhanced metal uptake. The soil leaching study demonstrated that decreasing the dosage of chelate resulted in decreased concentrations of soluble metals in soils. On the 28th day following the application of chelate, the concentrations of soluble metals in the EDDS treated soil were not significantly different from the concentrations in the control soil to which chelates had not been applied.     

Heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the Second Songhua River

The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of untreated effluent from petrochemical industries in Jilin City in the 1960s to the 1970s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mercury and other heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the river. The river bottom sediment was sampled from the river segment between Jilin City to Haerbin City in 2005. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Sc, and major cations （A1, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na） in the sediment were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES, respectively, following digestion with various acids. We found the concentrations of most elements in the uncontaminated sediment were significantly correlated to those of Sc.     

洱海沉积物重金属地球化学相及其污染历史研究

高原封闭、半封闭型湖泊是气候和环境演化的敏感指示器,其沉积物记录具有连续性、敏感性和高分辨率的特点。高原湖泊沉积记录在恢复和重逆各种短时间尺度（千年、百年、十年）的气候和环境演化序列上,具有其它自然历史记录无法替代的优势,尤其在揭示近代环境污染历史方面更有其独到之处。本文通过对沌海沉积物重金属地球化学相的研究,利用因子分析方法,识别了沉积物重金属的主要来源和影响其分布的主要因素,即：流域侵蚀作用、