重金属海绵

19世纪末,铜矿开采工业遗留下大量含有害金属的废弃物,包括As、Pb及其他重金属。仅在美国,就有300多平方英里的土壤和水被污染。最近发现一种矿物能快速清除这种污染物质。     

含油流体包裹体：地球化学分析与地质应用

利用含油流体包裹体可以获得与原油和源区常规分析同等质量的可靠地球化学数据。细致而又小心谨慎地对待各测试步骤(如样品清洗、背景空白等)是成功进行包裹体油气成分分析的基础。从技术上来说,每一分析步骤都具有挑战性,但如果我们能按步骤循序渐进,就不仅能够分析那些含有大量石油包裹体的样品(如当今或古油藏样品),而且可以测试含极少量石油包裹体的样品(如迁移路径或极古老岩石样品)。包裹体中可被测试的碳氢化合物多种多样,包括低分子量的碳氢化合物、n-链烷、类异戊二烯、生物标志物、芳香族碳氢化合物等。流体包裹体内石油成分分析在地质上有广泛应用,比如可以更好地重建储集区石油重注史、确定盆地中以前未知的活性源岩。在储集区内由生物降解造成的石油再造和(或)水洗作用经常被抹去,流体包襄体分析则可以解释储集区复杂成油阶段,当然更可以去除钻孔泥浆添加剂或其他污染物的影响。此外,也可以获知地球早期生物圈碳氢化合物的组成及多样性,以及在勘探区或盆地进行二次迁移路径填图。     

Antiangiogenic activity of low-temperature lysozyme from a marine bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

We extracted marine low-temperature lysozyme (MLTL), a novel lysozyme, from a marine microorganism through fermentation. Our previous study suggested that a low molecular weight (16 kDa) may exert anti-tumor activity through antiangiogenesis. In this study, we extracted a high weight (39 kDa) and investigated its antiangiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. Using zebrafish embryos as an in vivo study model, we found that treatment with MLTL significantly inhibited the growth of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) in a dose-dependent manner and that 400 μg/ml MLTL was sufficient to block the growth of SIVs. An in vitro study conducted using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that MLTL suppressed the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, assays by flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis indicated that MLTL was able to induce apoptosis of HUVECs. Moreover, further study demonstrated that the disruption of intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis may play an important role in MLTL induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that MLTL inhibits angiogenesis through its pleiotropic effects on vascular endothelial cells and induces apoptosis through regulation of cellular Ca²⁺ levels. The results of this study also revealed a possible mechanism underlying the antiangiogenic effect of MLTL and suggested that MLTL may be a promising new antiangiogenic agent for use in cancer therapy.     

The selection of alkaline protease-producing yeasts fi＇om marine environments and evaluation of their bioactive peptide production

A total of 400 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, saltern mud, marine fish guts, and marine algae were obtained. The protease activity of the yeast cultures was estimated, after which four strains (HN3.11, N11b, YF04C and HN4.9) capable of secreting extracellular alkaline protease were isolated. The isolated strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, Issatchenkia orientalis and Cryptococcus cf. aureus. The optimal pH of the protease activity produced by strains HN3.11, YF04C, and HN4.9 was 9.0, while that of the protease produced by strain N11b was 10.0. The optimal temperature for protease activity was 45°C for strains HN3.11, N11b, and YF04C, and 50°C for strain HN4.9. After digestion of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) protein and spirulina (Arthospira platensis) protein with the four crude alkaline proteases, the filtrate from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder digested by the crude alkaline protease of strain HN3.11 was found to have the highest antioxidant activity (61.4%) and the highest angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities (68.4%). The other filtrates had much lower antioxidant activity and ACE-inhibitory activities.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西部上二叠统石千峰组沉积环境地球化学表征

在沉积学、生物和地球物理测井相标志研究基础上,运用锶钡质量分数比值和锶钡散点图法,锶钙和钍铀比值法、沉积磷酸盐法、碳氧同位素和氧化-还原电位法等地球化学方法,根据微量元素和稳定同位素的特征对鄂尔多斯盆地西部上二叠统石千峰组沉积时的古盐度和氧化还原条件进行了详细分析.结果表明:石千峰组为淡水沉积,属干旱、炎热、氧化的陆相湖泊环境.其结论与石千峰组的棕红、紫红和紫灰色陆源碎屑岩沉积特别与红色沉积层为特征是相一致的.     

48ka以来日本海古生产力和古氧化还原环境变化的地球化学记录

通过对日本海Ulleung盆地KCES-1孔元素地球化学分析,探讨了过去48 ka以来日本海古生产力和古氧化还原环境的变化规律和影响因素。多种替代指标质量累积速率(总有机碳、CaCO3,磷、过剩钡、镉含量)显示日本海古生产力自48 ka以来发生了显著的变化。在48~18 ka低海平面和有限的水体交换导致表层水古生产力相对较低。在18~11 ka随着海平面的上升,富营养盐水团(亲潮和东海沿岸流水团)的流入导致古生产力逐渐增大,在12.6~11.5 ka古生产力达到最大值。在全新世对马暖流成为影响古生产力变化的重要因素,并且自5 ka以来古生产力保持相对稳定。古氧化还原替代指标(总有机碳、钼、铀、锰、碳与硫含量之比、自生铀、自生钼含量)显示在12~9 ka日本海底层水可能为无氧环境。古生产力高和底层水体有限的交换是诱发底层水缺氧的主要因素,而这又与全球气候变化和海平面变化有关。     

硼氢化钾还原——无色散原子荧光测定矿泉水及天然水中痕量硒

本文提出了一种新的测定矿泉水和天然水中痕量硒的测定方法。在严格控制加热温度的条件下,以硝酸-高氯酸为消解剂,在氢化物发生器中加入硼氢化钾水溶液后立即发生氢化反应,并生成 Se 元素的氢化物。在无极灯单色光下测定原子化后的 Se 元素激发的荧光强度。本方法灵敏、快速、可靠、操作方便。最低检出限为0.1ppb。     

Effects of copper pollution on the activity of soil invertase and urease in loquat orchards

Dealt with in this paper is the relationship between Cu contents of soil and activity parameters for soil invertase and urease from the Changtai loquat orchards in Fujian Province. The soil invertase activity and maximum reaction velocity (enzyme kinetic parameters: Vmax and Vmax/Km) have no remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, but Cu concentrations have an obvious positive effect on invertase Kin, indicating a reversible com-petitive restraint on the reaction between Cu and invertase. The soil urease activity and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax,Vmax/Km) have a remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, and in this aspect, they can be used as ecological indices of the soil polluted by Cu. A slightly variable Km indicates the non-reversible competitive restraint level.