贮藏温度对中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)品质变化影响的研究

为探究贮藏温度对中国毛虾品质的影响,通过感官评分,菌落总数和理化指标的测定,分析毛虾虾皮在不同贮藏温度下的品质变化。结果表明:25°C及37°C贮藏期间感官评分、亮度值(L*)显著下降,红度值(a*)、黄度值(b*)、菌落总数显著增加(P0.05),p H值先缓慢增加后趋于稳定,TVB-N和TBA值在贮藏前期均缓慢增加,后期增加显著。4°C贮藏下,感官评分缓慢下降,p H值、菌落总数基本不变,贮藏30 d后,L*、a*、b*、TVB-N及TBA值呈现显著变化(P0.05)。综合分析,不同温度对毛虾虾皮贮藏期的色泽、感官评分、TVB-N、TBA、p H值及菌落总数变化均有显著影响;毛虾皮在25°C和37°C下分别贮藏至15 d及9 d时,已严重发黄并产生异味,菌落总数均大于107CFU/g,已腐败变质。4°C下贮藏至60 d时毛虾虾皮仍未失去食用价值,说明低温能显著延长毛虾虾皮的贮藏时间。     

太仆寺旗提高马铃薯贮藏能力

近年来,随着马铃薯产业的不断发展和种植面积的不断增加,马铃薯集中收获上市、价低卖难等问题成了内蒙古自治区太仆寺旗种植户迫切需要解决的问题。为了从根本上破解这一难题,太仆寺旗积极组织实施农产品产地初加工项目,     

Evaluation of the damage in fish spermatozoa cryopreservation

Cryodamages occur during sperm cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of fish sperm usually results in marked decrease in sperm quality, such as swelling or disruption of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial dysfunction, diminished sperm motility, impaired velocity, shorter motility period, denaturation, and release of some enzymes from spermatozoa. In this paper, damages in morphology, physiology, biochemistry and metabolism, and genetic integrity of fish semen after cryopreservation are discussed. New approaches in assessment of fish thawed sperm quality such as computer assisted sperm analysis, flow cytometic analysis combined with fluorescent probes and single cell gel electrophoresis are also briefly reviewed.     

Stability and changes in astaxanthin ester composition from Haematococcus pluvialis during storage

In this paper, we investigated the effects of temperature, oxygen, antioxidants, and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions, and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Oxygen and high temperatures （22-25~C） significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters. Corn germ oil and antioxidants （ascorbic acid and vitamin E） failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation, and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin. A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage. During storage, the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined, while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased. Thus, the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased, and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved. If the ratio is greater than 0.2, it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%. Our results show that storing algal powder from H. pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4~C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80% after 96 weeks of storage.     

冷冻贮藏对罗非鱼肌肉质构特性的影响

采用质构仪的TPA模式对冷冻贮藏罗非鱼肌肉的硬度、黏附性、弹性、咀嚼性、胶黏性、凝聚性和恢复性等进行测试。结果表明:在-18℃和-50℃的贮藏条件下,随着贮藏时间的增加,罗非鱼肌肉质构的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、胶黏性、凝聚性、恢复性等6个参数均呈不同程度的下降趋势,黏附性则呈上升趋势;-50℃贮藏的罗非鱼肌肉的质构参数变化速率低于-18℃贮藏条件。说明罗非鱼在冷冻贮藏过程中口感特征在不断下降,贮藏温度越低,越有利于保持罗非鱼肌肉的质构特征。     

Study on cryopreservation of Porphyra yezoensis conchocelis

Cryopreservation of Porphyra yezoensis conchocelis was conducted with cryoprotectants and a proposed pretreatment procedure and thawing methods explored. Six cryoprotectants combined by DMSO with ethylene glycol （EG）, propylene glycol （PEG）, sorbitol and sucrose were developed. The effect of prefreezing at -40℃ or -20℃ for different time durations was compared and the thawing methods were screened. It was shown that the cryoprotectant including 10% DMSO with 0.5 molL^-1 sorbitol exhibited the optimal effect. The ideal pretreatment was that conchocelis segments were stayed for 20min at -40℃ before stored in liquid nitrogen, and 40℃ water bath was proper for quick thawing. The highest recovery rate of cryopreserved P. yezoensis conchocelis reached 89.41%.     

低温贮藏罗非鱼微生物学质量变化特性和保藏期

进行了罗非鱼在0,5,10,15℃贮藏过程中的微生物学质量变化特性和高品质期、货架期的研究,并对其特定腐败菌假单胞菌、细菌总数、VBN与感官评价的一致程度进行了探讨。结果表明,罗非鱼在0～15℃温度区域是淡水鱼中鲜度下降慢的鱼种,在0,5,10,15℃贮藏中,罗非鱼的高品质期分别为11,6,3和1.5d,货架期分别为20,9.5,5和2.5d。高品质期和货架期终点的假单胞菌数平均为(6.27±0.23)Log10cfu·g-1和(7.70±0.11)Log10cfu·g-1,显示了假单胞菌计数与罗非鱼的感官鲜度及保藏期具有较可靠的一致性。高品质期和货架期终点的细菌总数平均为(6.84±0.60)Log10cfu·g-1和(8.08±0.41)Log10cfu·g-1,VBN值平均为(11.8±1.38)mg·100-1·g-1和(20.1±1.66)mg·100-1·g-1,均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明细菌总数和VBN作为罗非鱼低温贮藏的鲜度指标与感官鲜度评价有较好的一致性。     

雪桃栽培技术

本文系统地总结了我省各地雪桃栽培、病虫害防治、贮藏运输以及深加工等适用技术和经验。可供广大果农在生产中参考。     

复合保鲜剂对冰温罗非鱼片的保鲜效果

【目的】研究冰温条件下罗非鱼片复合保鲜剂的最佳复配比,并评价该复合保鲜剂对罗非鱼片的保鲜效果。【方法】选择海藻酸钠、Nisin、异VC钠作为保鲜剂,设置不同的保鲜剂浓度,进行单因素和正交试验,通过测定菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(wTVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(wTBA)以及pH等指标,探究生物保鲜技术结合冰温技术对罗非鱼片品质的影响。【结果】复合保鲜剂处理的罗非鱼片在冰温条件下贮藏15d时,鱼片微生物生长较为缓慢,细菌总数(cfu/g)的对数(以10为底)为5.38,wTVB-N值达到167.3mg/kg,脂肪氧化程度较小,wTBA值为0.443 mg MDA/kg,pH回升至6.58,各指标均显著低于对照组(P <0.05),鱼片仍保持良好的品质。【结论】获得复合保鲜剂最佳配比是海藻酸钠浓度为8 g/L,Nisin浓度为0.8g/L,异抗血酸钠浓度7.5 g/L,使用该复合保鲜剂处理可将冰温罗非鱼片的货架期由15 d延长至22 d,该复合保鲜剂对冰温罗非鱼片有较好的保鲜效果。