粒状碎屑溜砂坡运动方程与砂坡土压力计算

在溜砂坡系列研究之二的基础上,对风干砂的运动特征进行了细致观察.将干砂流视为连续介质的流动,对干砂流的运动动力和阻力进行了深入研究,建立了干砂流垂线流速分布方程和干砂流体底面、表面滑动速度方程.结合挡砂工程,将干砂流体视为沿底面(此种砂坡的天然休止角)滑动的三角体,从而导出粒状碎屑溜砂坡水平土压力(或水平推力)计算模型.     

GNSS-R研究进展及其关键技术

全面评述了GNSS-R技术的研究进展,主要包括海面测高、海面风场遥感、土壤湿度探测以及星载实验等几个主要方面,从软件接收机和反演模型两个方面分析了GNSS-R的关键技术,并指出了存在的问题和发展方向。     

多波束测量技术与海洋测绘工序的调整

总结了NS到H-Cell的科学涵义,同时结合海洋测量、数据库和产品化技术的相互影响,考察了目前的海图产品测绘的工序,按照水深测量与摄影测量技术的特点,提出了陆地与海洋NS、H-Cell的差异。设计了一个海洋测绘的调整工序,不仅提高了海图产品化的实时性,而且扩大了海洋测绘产品的多样性。     

使用多普勒速度进行台风拟合定位的试验

通过合理的假设,构建一个由8个参数控制的简单台风风场模型。通过计算得到或直接给定参数初值,并以初值为中心双向变化一个步长,8个控制参数的变化组合,形成数千个拟合风场方案。再将这些拟合风场投影到雷达径向上,并在距台风中心的一定范围内与实际多普勒风场进行比较,寻找均方差最小的拟合方案。再将该方案中的参数作为下一次的搜索迭代的中心值,如此反复多次,直至参数中心值不再变化,从而最终确定台风中心坐标。该方法具有较高的"抗干扰性",定位成功率高,定位精度高。     

沙尘气溶胶粒子表面变性对云滴形成过程的影响

利用1997年5月14日辽宁省气溶胶和云滴谱航测资料,讨论了沙尘气溶胶粒子表面变性产生的不溶性沙尘粒子外包可溶性硫酸铵层的混合气溶胶粒子作为凝结核的增长规律,计算了由混和核形成的云滴谱特征,并与纯硫酸铵盐核进行对比.结果表明:混和核上初期形成的云滴谱型比纯硫酸铵盐核上初期形成的云滴谱型要宽,更接近实际观测到的云滴谱分布.     

Comparison between different earthquake magnitudes determined by China Seismograph Network

By linear regression and orthogonal regression methods, comparisons are made between different magnitudes (lo-cal magnitude ML, surface wave magnitudes MS and MS7, long-period body wave magnitude mB and short-period body wave magnitude mb) determined by Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, on the basis of observation data collected by China Seismograph Network between 1983 and 2004. Empirical relations between different magnitudes have been obtained. The result shows that: 1 As different magnitude scales reflect radiated energy by seismic waves within different periods, earthquake magnitudes can be described more objectively by using different scales for earthquakes of different magnitudes. When the epicentral distance is less than 1 000 km, local magnitude ML can be a preferable scale; In case M<4.5, there is little difference between the magnitude scales; In case 4.5MS, i.e., MS underestimates magnitudes of such events, therefore, mB can be a better choice; In case M>6.0, MS>mB>mb, both mB and mb underestimate the magnitudes, so MS is a preferable scale for deter-mining magnitudes of such events (6.08.5, a saturation phenomenon appears in MS, which cannot give an accurate reflection of the magnitudes of such large events; 2 In China, when the epicentral distance is less than 1 000 km, there is almost no difference between ML and MS, and thus there is no need to convert be-tween the two magnitudes in practice; 3 Although MS and MS7 are both surface wave magnitudes, MS is in general greater than MS7 by 0.2~0.3 magnitude, because different instruments and calculation formulae are used; 4 mB is almost equal to mb for earthquakes around mB4.0, but mB is larger than mb for those of mB≥4.5, because the periods of seismic waves used for measuring mB and mb are different though the calculation formulae are the same.     

Seasonal Phase-Locking of Peak Events in the Eastern Indian Ocean

The sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly of the eastern Indian Ocean （EIO） exhibits cold anomalies in the boreal summer or fall during E1 Nino development years and warm anomalies in winter or spring following the E1 Nino events. There also tend to be warm anomalies in the boreal summer or fall during La Nina development years and cold anomalies in winter or spring following the La Nina events. The seasonal phase-locking of SST change in the EIO associated with E1 Nino/Southern Oscillation is linked to the variability of convection over the maritime continent, which induces an atmospheric Rossby wave over the EIO. Local air-sea interaction exerts different effects on SST anomalies, depending on the relationship between the Rossby wave and the mean flow related to the seasonal migration of the buffer zone, which shifts across the equator between summer and winter. The summer cold events start with cooling in the Timor Sea, together with increasing easterly flow along the equator. Negative SST anomalies develop near Sumatra, through the interaction between the atmospheric Rossby wave and the underneath sea surface. These SST anomalies are also contributed to by the increased upwelling of the mixed layer and the equatorward temperature advection in the boreal fall. As the buffer zone shifts across the equator towards boreal winter, the anomalous easterly flow tends to weaken the mean flow near the equator, and the EIO SST increases due to the reduction of latent heat flux from the sea surface. As a result, wintertime SST anomalies appear with a uniform and nearly basin-wide pattern beneath the easterly anomalies. These SST anomalies are also caused by the increase in solar radiation associated with the anticyclonic atmospheric Rossby wave over the EIO. Similarly, the physical processes of the summer warm events, which are followed by wintertime cold SST anomalies, can be explained by the changes in atmospheric and oceanic fields with opposite signs to those anomalies described above.     

冬春季江苏沿海大风的特征

利用江苏2005-2006年460个自动站和加密站的风速资料,分析了2005-2006年冬春季发生的大风过程,研究发现冬春季沿海大风多由强冷空气引发,并具有一定的间断性、持续性、突发性和阵性特点,并对典型过程的阵性特征进行了分析.发现冷空气的入侵促使地面风场发展,大风u、v分量的变化与旋转系数具有很好的相关性,旋转系数的逐时波动与v分量的波动基本呈同位相变化趋势,而其与u分量的波动则有反位相关系;在冷空气影响前后,这样的相关特征始终维持.     

混合表面活性剂在锗的邻苯二酚紫光度测定中增敏作用的研究

研究了混合表面活性剂对Ｇｅ－邻苯二酚紫显色体系的增敏作用，使反应灵敏度、稳定性有明显改善。据此拟定了微量Ｇｅ的测定新方法，其表观摩尔吸光系数可达５．７×１０＾４，线性范围为０￣２０μｇ ＧｅＯ２／２５ｍｌ，方法精密度好，实用效果令人满意。