纳米金表面修饰与表面等离子体共振传感器的相互作用研究

For a quantitative analysis of the detection performance of wavelength surface plasmon resonance sensor after the introduction of absorbing thin films, a mathematical model was established for the wavelength SPR biosensor. Based on absorption theory of dispersive media, the distribution of electromagnetic field in each film outside the prism is calculated. The results show that, after introducing the absorbing thin films, electromagnetic field energy distribution in each layer out of the prism surfaces was changed, the metal film contribution on the resonance absorption was reduced, which increases the half wave width of SPR curve and the minimum reflection coefficient, so the optimal film thickness of metal film was also changed. Then the effect of colloidal gold and immunogold on SPR biosensor has been theoretically and experimentally verified. The result shows that, compared with the 48 nm gold film SPR sensor, the sensitivity increases 1.5 times when 45nm gold film is surface-modified with 10nm nano-gold.     

东中国海及毗邻海域海面风场季节及年际变化特征分析

本文基于美国Remote Sensing Systems公司提供的QuickScat海面风场产品,空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的月平均资料,进行了两种经验正交函数分解(EOF),以此分析研究中国近海(渤海、黄海、东海)以及台湾以东、以南洋面海面风场的季节变化和年际变化特征。研究发现:(1)季节变化是东中国海海表面风速变化的最主要特征,其变化占总变化方差的70.9%,黑潮的季节变化,通过海气交换影响其流经海域局地风场;(2)东中国海及毗邻海域海表面风速变化与太平洋年际变化以及热带风暴爆发有关,东中国海海表面风速年际变化显著的周期为1.5年和3.1年;(3)东中国海海域近年来整体上海表风速处于增大的趋势中,风速增大最大的区域出现在台湾东侧海域黑潮流经区域,最大增速在0.025 m/s/a以上。     

自转向酸酸化体系的室内研究及现场应用

长庆三叠系油藏非均质性强,微裂缝发育,常规酸化时酸液易进入高渗带或微裂缝,进一步扩大出水通道,酸化后含水大幅度上升。针对这一问题,研制出一种新型黏弹性表面活性剂SUA-3—Gemini季铵盐自转向酸液体系,由于SUA-3分子结构中含有两个烷基和两个季铵盐,所以用其配置的胶束流体具有良好的黏弹性。该体系在60℃时与碳酸钙反应过程中黏度能迅速达到460 mPa·s,待体系pH值升高到6时,遇油黏度迅速降低至78 mPa·s,在地层中能够形成自转向,达到均匀布酸,自动破胶的目的。在现场进行了初步的应用,增产效果显著。     

Variability of surface velocity in the Kuroshio Current and adjacent waters derived from Argos drifter buoys and satellite altimeter data

By combining Argos drifter buoys and TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data, the time series of sea-surface velocity fields in the Kuroshio Current (KC) and adjacent regions are established. And the variability of the KC from the Luzon Strait to the Tokara Strait is studied based on the velocity fields. The results show that the dominant variability period varies in different segments of the KC: The primary period near the Luzon Strait and to the east of Taiwan Island is the intra-seasonal time scale; the KC on the continental shelf of the ECS is the steadiest segment without obvious periodicity, while the Tokara Strait shows the period of seasonal variability. The diverse periods are caused by the Rossby waves propagating from the interior ocean, with adjustments in topography of island chain and local wind stress. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Nos. 2007CB411804, 2005CB422303), the NSFC (No. 40706006), the Key Project of International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2006DFB21250) and the “111 Project” (B07036), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT-07-0781)     

Development of a new index for integrating landscape patterns with ecological processes at watershed scale

Understanding the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes has been a central yet challenging research theme in landscape ecology. Over the past decades, many landscape metrics have been proposed but few directly incorporated ecological processes. In this paper, we developed a landscape index, namely, location-weighted landscape index (LWLI) to highlight the role of landscape type in ecological processes, such as nutrient losses and soil erosion. Within the framework of the Lorenz curve theory, we develop this index by integrating landscape pattern and point-based measurements at a watershed scale. The index can be used to characterize the contribution of landscape pattern to ecological processes (e.g. nutrient losses) with respect to a specific monitoring point in a watershed. Through a case study on nutrient losses in an agricultural area in northeastern China, we found that nutrient losses tended to be higher for a watershed with a higher LWLI value, and vice versa. It implied that LWLI can be used to evaluate the potential risk of nutrient losses or soil erosion by comparing their values across watersheds. In addition, this index can be extended to characterize ecological processes, such as the effect of landscape pattern on wildlife inhabitation and urban heat island effect. Finally, we discuss several problems that should be paid attention to when applying this index to a heterogeneous landscape site.     

表面改性的C-18硅胶吸附剂萃取水中的雌激素

为了有效富集水体中的痕量雌激素(雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、雌炔醇),对常用的C-18硅胶颗粒表面进行了改性.将含疏水烷基的20碳烷或25碳烷加入到C-18硅胶吸附剂中,通过正交试验选择改性作用的最佳条件.用填有上述改性填料的SUPELCO小柱富集水中的雌激素,浓缩后的目标组分经TFA或MSTFA衍生化后进行GC-FID色谱分析,并采用GC-MS法测定了河水中的雌激素含量.结果表明,C20与C25的添加量为120 μL/50 μL时,C-18硅胶吸附剂富集水体中痕量雌激素的能力大为提高,回收率为80%～120%.     

Influence of the earth rotation on the interfacial wave solutions and wave-induced tangential stress in a two-layer fluid system

Interfacial waves and wave-induced tangential stress are studied for geostrophic small amplitude waves of two-layer .uid with a top free surface and a .at bottom. The solutions were deduced from the general form of linear .uid dynamic equations of two-layer .uid under the f -plane approximation, and wave-induced tangential stress were estimated based on the solutions obtained. As expected, the solutions derived from the present work include as special cases those obtained by Sun et al. (2004. Science in China, Ser. D, 47(12): 1147–1154) for geostrophic small amplitude surface wave solutions and wave-induced tangential stress if the density of the upper layer is much smaller than that of the lower layer. The results show that the interface and the surface will oscillate synchronously, and the in.uence of the earth’s rotation both on the surface wave solutions and the interfacial wave solutions should be considered.     

双十四烷基丁酯二磺酸钠的合成及性能评价

以酒石酸、十四醇、氨基磺酸为原料,在催化剂条件下通过两步实验制备了阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂双十四烷基丁酯二磺酸钠;采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,测定了其表面活性和起泡等性能.结果表明:该双子表面活性剂有良好的水溶性,在25℃时的表面张力为27.2 mN/m,cmc(临界胶束浓度)为2.3×10-4mol/L,其表面张力、润湿性能、发泡性能远高于普通表面活性剂.     

海洋工程试验池中风场模拟

在考虑海洋工程装备在极端海况和运行海况下的载荷与受力,风载荷也是一个不可忽视的因素.目前物理模型试验仍是研究海洋工程结构物载荷与运动性能的重要手段,而深海结构物在水平漂移运动较大,如何在较大范围内得到满足试验要求的风场,是提高试验能力的重要问题.应用数值计算方法对大范围的风场模拟进行了分析,并进行了相应的物理实验,在此基础上对海洋工程试验的风场模拟提出了若干建议.     

基于Argo的热带印度洋上层海温研究

利用2004年1月—2008年8月的月平均Argo再处理资料和NCEP风场资料,对热带印度洋2.5~500 m深度范围内的海温时空变化特征与机制进行了研究。结果表明:表层的阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和赤道东印度洋是海温高值中心,同时是海温标准差低值中心,海温高的地方海温变化小,两者的分布型一致。在次表层,西南热带印度洋是海温高值区,赤道东西印度洋是海温低值区,次表层的海温变化最大,尤其在10°S~10°N之间的赤道印度洋。热带印度洋不同区域和深度的海温的显著周期不同,主要有1和0.5 a的显著周期。热带印度洋表层海温年周期变化主要受太阳辐射的影响,而0.5 a周期与季风有关。次表层以下海温变化主要是热带印度洋自身内部的动力作用,其1 a周期除了与太阳辐射和风有关,还与Rossby波和沿岸Kelvin波有关;其0.5 a周期除了季风这个主要因素,还与Wyrtki急流有关。海表面风场和LaNi~na是影响2006和2007年的正偶极子强度不同的重要因素。