Variation in the immunoglobulin levels in turbot （Scophthalmus maximus） after vaccination with Streptococcus iniae

A pathogenic bacterium(S636),identified as Streptococcus iniae,was isolated from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) in 2005.We immunized turbot with formalin-killed S.iniae four times(on days 1,14,21,and 28) by intraperitoneal inoculation.After each vaccination,we obtained serum samples and isolated the lymphocytes from the peripheral blood,spleen,pronephros,and mesonephros.We measured surface Ig-positive(sIg+) lymphocytes and serum antibody levels from these organs using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunoso...     

干香菇的泡发

烹调前,先用冷水将香菇表面冲洗干净,带柄的香菇可将根部除去,然后“鳃页”朝下放置于温水盆中浸泡,待香菇变软、“鳃页”张开后,再用手朝一个方向轻轻旋搅,     

An Improved Method for Modeling Spatial Distribution of δD in Surface Snow over Antarctic Ice Sheet

Using the recent compilation of the isotopic composition data of surface snow of Antarctic ice sheet, we proposed an improved interpolation method of δD, which utilizes geographical factors (i.e., latitude and altitude) as the primary predictors and incorporates inverse distance weighting (IDW) technique. The method was applied to a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) to produce a grid map of multi-year mean δD values with 1km spatial resolution for Antarctic& The mean absolute deviation between observed and estimated data in the map is about 5.4‰, and the standard deviation is 9‰. The resulting δD pattern resembles well known characteristics such as the depletion of the heavy isotopes with increasing latitude and distance from coast line, but also reveals the complex topographic effects.     

碱/表面活性剂/聚合物相互作用对河间油藏油水界面张力特征的影响

在任丘油田河间油藏油层及流体性质（90℃温度、矿化度为5 192.2 mg/L的采出水和5 682.6 mg/L的注入水、河间原油）的条件下,研究了表面活性剂、碱和聚合物相互作用对油水界面张力的影响。结果表明,单一石油磺酸盐CDS-1在有效浓度为0.01%-0.3%范围内,瞬时动态界面张力和平衡界面张力降低到10^-2mN/m数量级。向浓度为0.05%的CDS-1溶液中加入Na2CO3,瞬时动态界面张力和平衡界面张力变化不大,仍在10^-2mN/m数量级;与Na2CO3高浓度相比,当Na2CO3浓度为0.5%时,平衡界面张力和瞬时界面张力降低明显,瞬时动态界面张力最低值低至10^-3mN/m数量级。分别在浓度为0.05%的CDS-1溶液和0.5%Na2CO3/0.05%CDS-1二元体系中加入不同浓度（浓度在500-2 500 mg/L范围内）的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺聚合物M2500,瞬时动态界面张力和平衡界面张力无明显变化,仍在10^-2mN/m数量级。该实验结果为河间油藏表面活性剂复合驱油配方的筛选提供了重要依据。     

壳聚糖磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成、表征及表面性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷、亚硫酸氢钠为原料合成了中间体2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠,在碱性条件下经环氧化反应后与壳聚糖合成了1种易溶于水的壳聚糖磺酸盐表面活性剂,用红外光谱、核磁共振对产物进行了结构表征。分别采用电导率法、吊环法、最大气泡法测试了该产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)。结果表明:3种方法测得产物的CMC值分别为:2.3×10-4,5.6×10-4和2.5×10-4mol.L-1,吊环法和最大气泡法测得的临界胶束浓度时的表面张力分别为46和48 mN.m-1。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and dibenzofurans （PCDFs） in surface sediment and bivalve from the Changjiang Estuary, China

Surface sediments and bivalves were collected from the Changjiang Estuary in December 2003 and November 2004, respectively. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in these samples were measured with high-resolution chromatography (HRGC)/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). The concentrations of total PCDD/Fs and toxic equivalent (TEQ) were 169.83±119.63 and 0.81±0.36 pg/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, and 580.33±240.17 and 7.24±3.65 pg/g dw in bivalves. The homolog compositions of PCDD/Fs were similar among samples, the most abundant congener was octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and then octa-chlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD). The herbicide pentachlorophenol (PCP) and sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) were proved the main source of PCDD/Fs in this area.     

Biogenic silica in surficial sediments of Prydz Bay,Antarctica

The content and distribution of biogenic silica were investigated in sediment cores from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, during the CHINARE-18/2L cruise. The results show that the content of biogenic silica（ BSiO2 ） is ranged from 4.89% to 85. 41% , and the average content of biogenic silica is 30.90%, the highest value oc- curred at the IV-10 station. The profile of BSiO2 in sediment is contrast to that of sili- cate in the interstitial water. The content of biogenic silica and organic carbon in the surface sediments in the central area of Prydz Bay gyre were much higher than those in other area, and closely related to the Chla content and primary productivity of phyto- plankton in the surface water column.     

Nature, source and composition of volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands

Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetie evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of volcanogenic detritus, i.e., brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria. The major element characteristics show that bimodal volcanic activity may have taken place in the northern margin of the South China Sea, with brown volcanic glass and colorless volcanic glass repre-senting the maric end-member and felsie end-member, respectively. Fractional crystallization is the main process for magma evolu-tion. The nature of the volcanic activity implies that the origin of volcanic activity was related to extensional tectonic settings, which is corresponding to an extensional geodynamie setting in the Xisha Trench, and supports the notion, which is based on geophysical data and petrology, that there may exist a mantle plume around the Hainan Island.     

A Multilayer Study of pCO2 in the Surface Waters of the Yellow and South China Seas in Spring and the Sea-Air Carbon Dioxide Flux

A multilayer study of pCO2 for the Yellow and South China Seas in the surface waters was conducted based on data from four cruises sponsored by the China SOLAS Project in 2005 and 2006, including data for the surface microlayer (SML), sub- surface layer (SSL) and surface layer (SL). The carbon fluxes across the air-sea interface were calculated. The results showed that the pCO2 values in the surface waters of the study area decreased in the following order: pCO2 SML pCO2 SSL pCO2 SL. The highest val- ues were found in March for all SML, SSL and SL, followed by those in April, and the lowest were in May. The pCO2 values had a significant positive correlation with temperature or salinity. While there was no relationship between pCO2 and longitude, there was a significant negative correlation between it and latitude, i.e., 'high latitude low pCO2'. By using four calculation models, the carbon dioxide fluxes ( FCO2 ) in spring in the Yellow and South China Seas, which were found to act as a 'sink' of atmospheric CO2, were preliminarily estimated on the basis of the pCO2 data in the SML to be -7.00×106t C and -22.35×106t C, respectively. It is suggested that the FCO2 calculated on the basis of pCO2 data in the SML is more reliable than that calculated on the basis of those in the SL.