CE3玉兔号月球车APXS特征X射线能谱信息分析

通过对CE3玉兔号月球车粒子激发X射线谱仪（APXS）获取的数据进行处理,获得测点的累积特征X荧光计数率谱线,经小波滤波,消除放射性涨落对X荧光谱线的影响。由能量刻度获得了月球车着陆点月壤元素X射线特征能量峰,由此分析了着陆点月壤元素的成分,得知测量点月壤元素成分包括Si、Ca、Al、Mg、K、P、S、Fe、Ti、Ni、Cr、Mo、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb。研究结果为月陆地质演化提供了有利的参数制约。     

三维稀疏反演多次波预测及曲波域匹配相减技术

传统的自由表面多次波压制(SRME)方法研究是基于二维假设的,这种算法对多次波贡献考虑过于局限,难以应对复杂地质构造的情况。3DSRME算法过于笨拙,对数据要求过于苛刻,很难有效推广和应用。三维稀疏反演多次波预测方法利用柯西概率密度函数,将垂直测线方向上稀疏的多次波能量贡献道集转换到模型空间,有效重构同相轴能量顶点——菲涅尔带,从而有效拾取多次波能量,准确预测多次波。采用曲波域匹配相减技术对多次波进行去除,相较于传统的最小平方匹配相减方法,Curvelet域具有多方向、多尺度的特性,能够更有效地压制多次波。建立三维倾斜层状速度模型,对模拟三维地震数据进行试算,并与常规2D SRME的处理结果进行对比,验证了本文所述方法的有效性。     

南极洲纳尔逊冰帽的某些动力学特征*

纳尔逊冰帽是南设得兰群岛的一个小冰帽,受海洋性气候影响冰帽上降水丰富,冰温较高。冰帽表面运动速度完全由冰帽表面形态和冰帽底床形态所控制,其中E剖面更为复杂。冰帽驱动应力基本小于100kPa.由V/Z～Za曲线得到在V/7为0.6～3×10^-9范围内的流动参数:n约为1;B≈4.3×10¹⁰dynescm^-2sec.这表明在低应力区,冰体流动更接近牛顿流体。     

基于数据规则化和稀疏反演的三维表面多次波压制方法

表面多次波是海洋地震勘探中的主要问题.目前,二维数据驱动的表面多次波压制技术(SRME)已经比较成熟,并且已经成为工业界压制海洋表面多次波的主流方法.但是由于二维SRME算法没有考虑横测线方向上多次波的贡献,导致在处理实际三维海洋资料时存在比较大的误差.将二维SRME算法扩展到三维空间后可以得到三维SRME算法,但是由于目前实际采集的三维海洋资料的观测系统存在拖缆漂移,而且横测线方向采样过于稀疏,直接应用三维SRME算法无法准确预测表面多次波.本文提出的通过数据规则化配合稀疏反演的三维表面多次波压制方法能够解决这种实际资料和三维SRME算法之间的矛盾.本文通过研究数据规则化与反规则化技术,使得数据分布满足三维SRME的要求;通过研究稀疏反演技术,有效解决了横测线方向采样稀疏对于多次波预测的影响,三维实际海洋资料的应用结果验证了方法的有效性和可行性.     

表面活性剂改善钻井液速溶的效果评价

针对钻井液材料溶解慢,达到理想性能时间长,提出使用表面活性剂降低配浆水的表面张力和接触角,同时对材料有润湿和增溶作用。通过分析表面活性剂的作用机理,测试表面活性剂对钻井液基本性能影响来优化表面活性剂;观察表面活性剂对土(上海佳友土、鄂州素土和碱土)和大分子材料的性能影响来优化表面活性剂的加量。结果表明,卵磷脂1在短时间内促进材料的水化分散效果最好,且最优加量为0.2‰,对于6%的上海佳友土、鄂州素土和碱土,表观黏度分别提高20%、20%和6%。0.2‰的卵磷脂可以促进配方(4%佳友土+1‰黄原胶+0.8%改性淀粉)表观黏度提高15%,润滑性提高37%,表面张力降低42%,大分子材料分散得更均匀,泥皮更致密。      

嫦娥三号

嫦娥三号卫星是中国国家航天局嫦娥工程第二阶段的登月探测器．嫦娥三号由着陆器和巡视探测器（即“玉兔号”月球车）组成．进行首次月球软着陆和自动巡视勘察．获取月球内部的物质成分并进行分析．将一期工程的“表面探测”引申至内部探测。     

Phosphorus forms and distribution in Zhejiang coastal sediment in the East China Sea

Surface and core sediment samples were collected from Zhejiang coastal waters of the East China Sea to study phosphorus（P） forms and understand the potential release of P as well as adsorption.The sediments were extracted sequentially to determine four phosphorus fractions,and non-sequentially for total phosphorus（TP）.The total concentration of phosphorus in the surface sediments ranged from 527.2 to 680.5 mg kg-1.Inorganic P was the major form and accounted for 84-94%of TP.Among the four forms,P-Detrital was dominant（58.6-73.2%）,followed by P-CDB（10.5-20.9%）,P-Organic（6.1-15.9%）,and P-CFA（5.9-16.3%）.The distribution pattern of TP in the surface sediments was similar to that of P-Detrital and P-Organic,but different from P-CDB and P-CFA.A relatively high level of phosphorus was observed in estuarine sediments,reflecting the influence from terrestrial input.Phosphorus in all forms in core sediments at each station decreased with depth.In addition,potentially bio-available phosphorus accounted for 20-34%of TP.     

材料表面冰粘附强度的研究进展

介绍了材料表面冰粘附强度的研究情况,主要包括冰粘附机理、表面特性与粘附强度的关系以及低粘附表面的制备和应用。     

Impact of land use changes on surface warming in China

Land use changes such as urbanization, agriculture, pasturing, deforestation, desertification and irrigation can change the land surface heat flux directly, and also change the atmospheric circulation indirectly, and therefore affect the local temperature. But it is difficult to separate their effects from climate trends such as greenhouse-gas effects. Comparing the decadal trends of the observation station data with those of the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) data provides a good method to separate the effects because the NNR is insensitive to land surface changes. The effects of urbanization and other land use changes over China are estimated by using the difference between the station and the NNR surface temperature trends. Our results show that urbanization and other land use changes may contribute to the observed 0.12℃ (10 yr)- 1 increase for daily mean surface temperature, and the 0.20℃ (10 yr)- 1 and 0.03℃ (10 yr)-1 increases for the daily minimum and maximum surface temperatures, respectively. The urban heat island effect and the effects of other land-use changes mayalso play an important role in the diurnal temperature range change. The spatial pattern of the differences in trends shows a marked heterogeneity.The land surface degradation such as deforestation and desertification due to human activities over northern China, and rapidly-developed urbanization over southern China, may have mostly contributed to the increases at stations north of about 38°N and in Southeast China, respectively. Furthermore, the vegetation cover increase due to irrigation and fertilization may have contributed to the decreasing trend of surface temperature over the lower Yellow River Basin. The study illustrates the possible impacts of land use changes on surface temperature over China.     

三维GIS环境下的地质体可视化和特征分析

地质体的三维可视化建模是三维GIS研究的一个重要方向,具有重要的应用价值.三维GIS环境下的地质体可视化的两个关键方面是地质体的表面模拟和可视化实现,文章介绍了地质体三维可视化的基本框架,以带约束Deluanay剖分法为例阐述了地质体表面模拟的原理和方法,并从取景变换、消隐、光照模型、纹理映射等方面论述了可视化的具体实现方法.最后以西部某铜矿为例,建立了三维可视化地质体模型(一个地层矿体综合模型和一个矿体三维模型),阐述了三维可视化建模的基本过程和方法,并对两个模型进行了地质特征分析.