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171.
Wave-dependence of friction velocity,roughness length,and drag coefficient over coastal and open water surfaces by using three databases 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The parameterization of friction velocity, roughness length, and the drag coefficient over coastal
zones and open water surfaces enables us to better understand the physical processes of air-water interaction.
In context of measurements from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment (HEXMAX), we recently proposed
wave-parameter dependent approaches to sea surface friction velocity and the aerodynamic roughness by using the
dimensional analysis method. To extend the application of these approaches to a range of natural surface conditions,
the present study is to assess this approach by using both coastal shallow (RASEX) and open water surface measurements
(Lake Ontario and Grand Banks ERS-1 SAR) where wind speeds were greater than 6.44 m s-1. Friction velocities,
the surface aerodynamic roughness, and the neutral drag coefficient estimated by these approaches under moderate wind
conditions were compared with the measurements mentioned above. Results showed that the coefficients in these approaches
for coastal shallow water surface differ from those for open water surfaces, and that the aerodynamic roughness length
in terms of wave age or significant wave height should be treated differently for coastal shallow and open water surfaces. 相似文献
172.
A dataset of global ocean surface currents for 1999-2007 derived from Argo float trajectories: Comparison with surface drifter and TAO measurements
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A dataset of surface current vectors with error estimate from 1999 to 2007 is derived from the trajectories of the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (Argo) drifting on surface over the global ocean. The error of the estimated surface currents is about 4.7 cm s-1 which is equivalent to the accuracy of the currents determined from the surface drifters. Geographically, the Argo-derived surface currents can fill many gaps left by the Global Drifter Program due to the greater number of floats, and can provide a complementary in situ observational system for monitoring global ocean surface currents. The surface currents from the Argo floats are compared with the surface drifter-derived currents and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean program (TAO) measurements. The comparisons show good agreement for both the current amplitude and the direction of surface currents. Results indicate the feasibility of obtaining ocean surface currents from the Argo array and of combining the surface currents from Argo and the ocean surface drifters for in situ mapping of the global surface currents. The authors also make the dataset available to users of interest for many types of applications. 相似文献
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无人飞行器系统获取的低空影像数据往往倾角大、像幅小且重叠度不规则,同时在灰度与比例尺上可能不一致.针对其特点,提出了一种适用于低空影像的数字表面模型自动获取方法.首先,采用影像水平纠正、构建金字塔、Wallis滤波以及Harris特征提取等方法对低空影像进行匹配预处理;然后,对经预处理的多级影像采取由粗到精的匹配,再基于低空影像高重叠度的特点进行三视检核以剔除误匹配点;最后采用近邻内插生成规则格网的数字表面模型.试验表明,该方法有效可行,生成的数字表面模型产品精度较高,对于改进现有的生产流程具有一定的实际意义. 相似文献
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A Simple Monte Carlo Method for Locating the Three-dimensional Critical Slip Surface of a Slope 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
XIE Mowen Institute of Environmental Systems Kyushu University Hakozaki -- Higashi Ku Fukuok Japan College of Resource Engineering the University of Science Technology Beijing Xueyuan Ro Haidian District Beijing China 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1258-1266
Based on the assumption of the plain-strain problem, various optimization or random search methods have been developed for locating the critical slip surfaces in slope-stability analysis, but none of such methods is applicable to the 3D case. In this paper, a simple Monte Carlo random simulation method is proposed to identify the 3D critical slip surface. Assuming the initial slip to be the lower part of a slip ellipsoid, the 3D critical slip surface is located by means of a minimized 3D safety factor. A column-based 3D slope stability analysis model is used to calculate this factor. In this study, some practical cases of known minimum safety factors and critical slip surfaces in 2D analysis are extended to 3D slope problems to locate the critical slip surfaces. Compared with the 2D result, the resulting 3D critical slip surface has no apparent difference in terms of only cross section, but the associated 3D safety factor is definitely higher. 相似文献
180.
Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
ZHU Guangyou JIN Qiang ZHANG Shuichang DAI Jinxing ZHANG Linye LI Jian Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing E-mail: zhugy Faculty of Geo-resource Information University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong Geo-science Academy in Shengli Oil Fiel Dongying Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1275-1288
The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing 相似文献