煤表面能的吸附法计算及研究意义

煤表面能是导致煤吸附差异性的根本原因,它与吸附量、吸附常数、吸附气体性质和煤的物性有关。依据表面化学原理,提出了用吸附参数计算煤表面能的方法。煤表面能理论还可用于研究瓦斯突出和瓦斯抽放工程中。同时还提出了有关煤吸附的三元结构模型。     

Temperature biases in modeled polar climate and adoption of physical parameterization schemes

An annual cycle of atmospheric variations for 1989 in the Arctic has been simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. A severe cold bias was found around a cold center in surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean, compared with results from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Four successive numerical experiments have been carried out to find out the reasons for this. The results show that the sea ice albedo scheme has the biggest influence in summer, and the effect of the cloud microphysics scheme is significant in both summer and winter. The effect of phase transition between ice and water has the biggest influence over the region near the sea ice edge in summer, and contributes little to improvement of the severe cold bias. The origi- nal crude albedo parameterization in the surface process scheme is the main reason for the large simulated cold bias of the cold center in summer. With a different land surface scheme than in the control run, cold biases of simulated surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean are greatly reduced, by as much as 10 K, implying that the land surface scheme is critical for polar climate simulation.     

多种下垫面作业区域的无人机倾斜摄影智能化航线规划方法

传统的无人机倾斜摄影航线规划方法涉及知识面较广、专业性较强、自动化程度较低,且较少考虑不同下垫面作业区域的航线规划。本文针对平坦区域、高层建筑物区域、平坦与高层建筑物混合区域、山地或丘陵地区,依据倾斜摄影基本原理,综合考虑成图区域、成图分辨率、图像重叠度、纹理覆盖度和地形地貌等诸多因子,分别设计了相应的航线规划方法,并依此研发了一套智能化的航线规划软件,该软件人机交互较少,大大降低了无人机倾斜摄影航线规划的门槛,使得无人机倾斜摄影技术变得触手可及。     

运用吡啶吸附—拉曼光谱探测硅藻土表面酸位

运用吡啶吸附—拉曼光谱技术探测了硅藻土及其热处理产物的表面固体酸位。结果表明，室温下硅藻土表面经基均为吸附水覆盖，不显B酸性，结构中也无能够接受电子对的Lewis酸位。经热处理后，某些酸性羟基脱水使硅藻土呈弱B酸性，B酸位浓度在经650℃左右热处理后达到最大；另一方面，硅藻土中所含粘土矿物在650℃左右因脱羟而发生结构变化，产生配位不饱和的Al位，表现出L酸性。     

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM DRAINAGES RECEIVING DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Surface drainage sediments were collected, between January and April in 2005, from 6 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia suspected to have received different anthropogenic sources. These drainages included sites near a petrochemical plant, an electronic factory, a metal factory and 2 townships in addition to a relatively unpolluted site (a reference site). Based on the aqua-regia method, the metal concentrations for all the sampling sites except for the agricultural site (reference site) at Sg. Benut were between 60.92-1 019 μg/g dry weight for copper (Cu), 65.32-1 266.6μg/g dry weight for plumbum (Pb), 1.46-15.93 μg/g dry weight for cadmium (Cd), 330.10-484.14 μg/g dry weight for zinc (Zn) and 47.03-120.90 μg/g dry weight for nickel (Ni). All of these ranges were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than those (Cu: 8.77 μg/g; Pb: 57.42 μg/g; Cd: 0.96 μg/g; Zn: 68.21 μg/g; and Ni: 17.87 μg/g) of the reference site at Sg. Benut that only received agricultural disposal. The concentrations for the 5 metals from all the sites (except for the reference site) were higher than the Sediment Quality Values for Hong Kong by Chapman et al (1999) for the 5 metals. Based on the sequential extraction technique, 3 geochemical fractions [easily, freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] were also useful in identifying these polluted sites. The elevated metal concentrations found in the sediments might be related to point sources of industrial effluent and urban waste. Hence, the results emphasized the necessity for the treatment of effluents into this drainage area. As part of the effort to control illegal discharges and dumping into drainages, public awareness should be enhanced.     

海洋昏暗带微生物为碳沉积“把关”

海洋在全球碳循环中起着极为重要的作用,能够吸收大约一半由人类活动产生的温室气体,而其中大部分反应都发生在海洋表面以下100米的区域之内。海洋中多种浮游植物能够通过光合作用捕获碳,而当它们死后,会穿过海洋的“昏暗带”沉至永远漆黑的海底。然而,美国科学家进行的一项最新研究表明,海洋“昏暗带”的生物活动实际上是碳沉积的“把关人”,决定着浮游植物捕获的碳被永远存储于海底,还是很快又再回到海洋表层。     

Measuring the Fundamental Parameters of Hot Hydrogen－Rich White Dwarfs

This review considers the observations of hot, hydrogen-rich white dwarf stars, with particular reference to measurements of temperature, surface gravity and composition. Spectroscopic data from a variety of wavelength ranges are required for this work and, in particular, the important contributions from optical, ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet studies are discussed. Using the values of Tefr and log g determined for an individual white dwarf, estimates of mass and radius might be derived from the theoretical mass-radius relation. The issue of the accuracy of the theoretical mass-radius calculations and the prospects for making empirical tests using observational data are outlined.     

Polarimetric entropy of the ocean surface with a two-scale scattering model

The relationships among an ocean wave spectrum,a fully polarimetric coherence matrix,and radar parameters are deduced with an electromagnetic wave theory.Furthermore,the relationship between the polarimetric entropy and ocean wave spectrum is established based on the definition of entropy and a twoscale scattering model of the ocean surface.It is the first time that the polarimetric entropy of the ocean surface is presented in theory.Meanwhile,the relationships among the fully polarimetric entropy and the parameters related to radar and ocean are discussed.The study is the basis of further monitoring targets on the ocean surface and deriving oceanic information with the entropy from the ocean surface.The contrast enhancement between human-made targets and the ocean surface with the entropy is presented with quad-pol airborne synthetic aperture radar（AIRSAR） data.     

热带气旋风场非对称性对表面海浪场的影响

用WAVEWATCHIII海浪模拟了5个不同风场结构的热带气旋下海浪平均要素和海浪方向谱来研究其对风场非对称性的响应。结果表明热带气旋诱发的海浪场对风场的非对称性很敏感。随着风场非对称性加强,有效波高除了左前象限增加以外在其他所有象限内都减小,且有效波高场的非对称性增强,并且非对称轴逆时针旋转,同时,有效波高最大值的位置向前移动。风场的非对称性对其他平均要素也有影响,尤其在左后象限最明显,例如平均波长,平均波向,波峰方向等。风场的非对称性对海浪谱的多峰性以及主导波的频率和传播方向都有很重要的影响。