Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with mei-yu torrential rainfall over eastern China during June 2011

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with three heavy rainfall events that occurred over eastern China during the mei-yu season in June 2011 were analyzed using 2D cumulus ensemble model simulation data.Model domain mean rainfall showed three peaks in response to three prescribed ascending motion maxima,primarily through the mean moisture convergence during the torrential rainfall period.Prescribed ascending motion throughout the troposphere produced strong convective rainfall during the first （9 June） and third （17-18 June） rainfall events,whereas strong prescribed ascending motion in the mid and upper troposphere and weak subsidence near the surface generated equally important stratiform and convective rainfall during the second rainfall event （14 June）.The analysis of surface rainfall budgets reveals that convective rainfall was associated with atmospheric drying during the first event and moisture convergence during the third event.Both stratiform and convective rainfall responded primarily to moisture convergence during the second event.An analysis of grid data shows that the first and third mean rainfall maxima had smaller horizontal scales of the precipitation system than the second.     

An analysis of the radar backscatter from oil-covered sea surfaces using moment method and Monte-Carlo simulation: preliminary results

An analysis of the radar backscattering from the ocean surface covered by oil spill is presented using a microwave scattering model and Monte-Carlo simulation. In the analysis, a one-dimensional rough sea surface is numerically generated with an ocean waveheight spectrum for a given wind velocity. A two-layered medium is then generated by adding a thin oil layer on the simulated rough sea surface. The electric fields backscattered from the sea surface with two-layered medium are computed with the method of moments (MoM), and the backscattering coefficients are statistically obtained with N independent samples for each oil-spilled surface using the Monte-Carlo technique for various conditions of surface roughness, oil-layer thickness, frequency, polarization and incidence angle. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical models for clean sea surfaces and SAR images of an oil-spilled sea surface caused by the Hebei (Hebei province, China) Spirit oil tanker in 2007. Further, conditions for better oil spill extraction are sought by the numerical simulation on the effects of wind speed and oil-layer thickness at different incidence angles on the backscattering coefficients.     

致谢2014年审稿专家

<正>~~     

面向带电作业的手臂末端输出力评估方法

为了解决带电作业时手臂末端输出力的准确控制,提出一种基于表面肌电信号（sEMG信号）和支持向量机回归（SVR）实现对手臂末端施力的评估方法.通过手握机械手臂末端的手柄,做往复推拉运动,记录此时手柄处的力传感器的数据F,同时利用3组肌电信号传感器同步采集手臂的肌电信号.将肌电信号提取特征后,与力F组合成样本集合S,在样本集合中随机抽取50%的样本数据作为训练集,分别训练BP神经网络、GRNN神经网络以及SVR神经网络.最后用训练好的神经网络对整个样本集中的力F进行预测,并用均方根误差和相关系数评估模型的预测效果.结果显示,SVR神经网络的预测效果较好,其均方根误差为3.074 0,相关系数为0.951 7.     

在我国东部沿海修建地下水封石洞油库若干问题的探讨

随着我国大陆架油、气田不断被发掘、开采,石油储运问题已指日可待。我国海岸线的基岩岸约占全长的2/3以上,其中,块状结晶岩体又占基岩岸的一半以上,这就给水封油库的布置提供了良好的基础。在油库的选择和兴建中,应加强对建库岩体和主要结构面、地应力及其分布的充分研究,以期能对洞库稳定问题、地下水位及水量的合理确定问题有所裨盖、     

嫦娥三号

嫦娥三号卫星是中国国家航天局嫦娥工程第二阶段的登月探测器．嫦娥三号由着陆器和巡视探测器（即“玉兔号”月球车）组成．进行首次月球软着陆和自动巡视勘察．获取月球内部的物质成分并进行分析．将一期工程的“表面探测”引申至内部探测。     

浅谈如何改进煤的最高内在水分的测定

煤的最高内在水分是指煤在100％相对湿度下达到吸湿平衡时的除表面水以外的水分,或者说煤的毛细孔达到饱和吸水状态时的内在水分。但由于在上述条件下表面水极难除去,所以实际测定的最高内在水分是在温度为30℃,相对湿度为96％～97％的条件下达到吸湿平衡的内在水分。     

疏浚粘土固结不排水应力-应变归一化特性分析

将疏浚粘土应力一应变关系与粘性土的含水率联系起来,对于实际工程而言具有很大的参考价值。传统重塑土应力一应变归一化特性的研究只是针对某一特定性质的土体而言,这种归一化的研究方法显然具有一定的局限性。采用归一化含水率w／wl作为归一化因子,对主应力差渐进值进行归一化．探讨了双对数坐标系下主应力差渐进值与w／wl的线性关系。在此基础上基于Konder提出的双曲线模型将主应力差渐进值作为归一化因子,对三种不同疏浚粘土的应力一应变特性进行归一化分析,通过与实验资料的对比表明,提出的方法具有很好的归一化效果。     

西藏直孔水电站大坝混凝土防渗墙超前支护成槽试验研究及施工

在西藏直孔水电站松散砂卵石地层混凝土防渗墙成槽施工中，结合坝基水文地质及工程地质特点，创造性地提出了超前支护成槽方案，通过三维应力模拟和渗透试验，结合现场生产试验，对原方案更进一步完善，在施工中加以应用获得了成功。