Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China

The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing     

Application of a Coupled Land Surface-Hydrological Model to Flood Simulation in the Huaihe River Basin of China

A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin（HRB） was investigated using two different models： a coupled land surface hydrological model（CLHMS）, and a large-scale hydrological model（LSX-HMS）. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.     

北太平洋海表面高度(SSH) 与风应力变化的关系

利用1958-2008年的北太平洋海表面高度和风应力资料,并与ENSO和PDO指数进行相关分析.结果发现,风应力及其经向分量主要通过季节振动影响海表面高度(SSH)的年周期变化,纬向风应力主要通过多年振动影响SSH的ENSO和PDO周期.纬向风应力和SSH均以黑潮延伸体主轴为界,两侧呈现出相反的升降趋势,SSH为北降南升,纬向风应力南降北升.风应力和SSH升降趋势相同,均表现为“上升—下降—上升”的变化特征.在地形变化剧烈、等深线南北分布的海区,西风增强会导致SSH升高,且西侧升高较为明显.北风增强将导致北太平洋西岸SSH升高,东岸SSH降低.     

从灰度变化获取表面形状的研究

提出了一种基于可信度操作的从灰度变化信息获取表面形状的方法,并结合在频率域的强制可积约束,把对表面梯度空间(p,q)的处理经过高斯球变换到(f,g)空间处理,不仅较好地保证了算法的收敛性和可靠性,而且有利于边界条件的确定。     

中国海域近海面风速未来变化降尺度预估

基于CCMP卫星风场与全球耦合模式GFDL-CM3历史实验期的海表面风场、气压场、温度场等资料,使用经验正交函数和多元回归统计方式,获得高分辨率卫星风场与低分辨率气象要素场两者典型空间模态的长期统计关系,构建了我国海域近海面风速统计降尺度模型,进而结合GFDL-CM3气候模式RCPs情景未来预估数据,降尺度分析了2015-2050年我国海域近海面风速未来变化。结果表明:构建的降尺度模型具有良好模拟能力,模拟与观测风速空间分布相关性R值在0.98以上,风速变化趋势相关性R值在0.97以上,月平均风速模拟均方根误差(RMSE)全海域平均值约为1.32 m/s。我国海域近海面风速在未来35 a可能存在较明显的分时段变化特征,2015-2024年风速下降,2024-2035年风速增加,2035-2050年风速再次下降,同一时段内各海区风速变化趋势相同,但风速降幅或增幅存在差异,南海风速增降幅度较大,东海次之,黄渤海风速增降幅度相对较小。     

水和土壤环境非水溶相污染物的表面活性剂增效修复机制

分析了表面活性剂和非水溶相有机污染物在水和土壤环境中的相互作用,以及表面活性的特性,解释了表面活性剂增效修复水和土壤环境中非水溶相污染物的机制。表面活性剂溶液通过增溶作用和增流作用,驱除地下水含水层中的非水相液体以及吸附于土壤颗粒物上的污染物,提高地下水和土壤中憎水性有机污染物的现场修复速率。增效修复效果依赖于临界胶束浓度(CMC)、污染物和表面活性剂的吸附特性、污染物的溶解性和土壤类型等。表面活性剂能增加化合物的溶解度,降低与水的界面张力,并形成乳液。     

采用截尾最小二乘估计的DEM匹配方法

不借助控制点匹配表面来探测表面差异是一个非常困难的问题!在多时相DEM分析中具有非常广阔的应用前景.提出一个使用截尾最小二乘估计的最小高差算法(LTS-LZD)该算法在迭代过程中通过基于高差直方图的自适应阈值来区分变形区观测量.通过模拟试验对算法性能进行全面深入的试验,试验结果表明新方法具有较高的匹配精度与差异探测精度!且与变形比例基本无关.     

基于DSM阴影仿真和高度场光线跟踪的影像阴影检测

介绍了一个建筑物阴影检测的模型。首先利用摄影测量学原理来计算阴影坐标。即用数字表面模型(digitalsurfacemodel,缩写为DSM)和太阳高度和方位来计算建筑物阴影的空间坐标,并由相机模型计算出每个阴影单元对应的扫描行和相机空间坐标。由高度场光线跟踪判断阴影的可见性,对可见阴影计算出它在投影图像上的坐标。然后在这个结果的基础上再对图像进行阴影的细分割。     

北京潭柘寺地区第四纪冰川遗迹的宏观和微观特征

以北京西山潭柘寺地区第四纪冰川遗迹的宏观特征研究为基础,对管坨岭冰期和赵家台冰期的古冰川沉积进行了石英颗粒表面结构形貌组合特征的分析。结果表明,管坨岭冰期的管坨岭冰碛层和大富庄冰碛层,以及赵家台冰期的太平庄冰碛层中的石英颗粒表面结构,以冰川成因的形貌组合占优势,而赵家台冰期鲁家滩冰水沉积中的石英颗粒表面结构,则以冰川和流水共有成因的形貌占优势。所以,据冰川遗迹的宏观和微观特征,可以肯定该区分别在早更新世和中更新世曾发育过两次古冰川作用。      

超微量钐同位素的热表面电离质谱分析

采用双带测量方式,法拉第杯和离子计数器同时接收与跳峰接收相结合,建立了超微量钐同位素的热表面电离质谱的测量方法。优化了制样程序和质谱测量程序,研究了蒸发带电流对离子流强度的影响,考察了从纳克至微克不同样品用量的测量效果及其中Nd、Eu干扰核素的情况。对4 ng~2μg的天然丰度钐样品进行了同位素比值分析,相对标准偏差均小于1.1%。