Polarimetric entropy of the ocean surface with a two-scale scattering model

The relationships among an ocean wave spectrum,a fully polarimetric coherence matrix,and radar parameters are deduced with an electromagnetic wave theory.Furthermore,the relationship between the polarimetric entropy and ocean wave spectrum is established based on the definition of entropy and a twoscale scattering model of the ocean surface.It is the first time that the polarimetric entropy of the ocean surface is presented in theory.Meanwhile,the relationships among the fully polarimetric entropy and the parameters related to radar and ocean are discussed.The study is the basis of further monitoring targets on the ocean surface and deriving oceanic information with the entropy from the ocean surface.The contrast enhancement between human-made targets and the ocean surface with the entropy is presented with quad-pol airborne synthetic aperture radar（AIRSAR） data.     

热带气旋风场非对称性对表面海浪场的影响

用WAVEWATCHIII海浪模拟了5个不同风场结构的热带气旋下海浪平均要素和海浪方向谱来研究其对风场非对称性的响应。结果表明热带气旋诱发的海浪场对风场的非对称性很敏感。随着风场非对称性加强,有效波高除了左前象限增加以外在其他所有象限内都减小,且有效波高场的非对称性增强,并且非对称轴逆时针旋转,同时,有效波高最大值的位置向前移动。风场的非对称性对其他平均要素也有影响,尤其在左后象限最明显,例如平均波长,平均波向,波峰方向等。风场的非对称性对海浪谱的多峰性以及主导波的频率和传播方向都有很重要的影响。     

Simulation and causes of eastern Antarctica surface cooling related to ozone depletion during austral summer in FGOALS-s2

Two parallel sets of numerical experiments （an ozone-hole simulation and a non-ozone-hole simulation） were performed to investigate the effect of ozone depletion on surface temperature change using the second spectral version of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model （FGOALS-s2）, focusing on the eastern Antarctica （EA） continent in austral summer. First, we evaluated the ability of the model to simulate the EA surface cooling, and found the model can successfully reproduce the cooling trend of the EA surface, as well as the circulation change circling the South Pole in the past 30 years. Second, we compared the two experiments and discovered that the ozone depletion causes the cooling trend and strengthens the circumpolar westerly flow. We further investigated the causes of the EA surface cooling associated with the ozone hole and found two major contributors. The first is the ozone-hole direct radiation effect （DRE） upon the surface that happens because the decrease of the downward longwave （LW） radiation overcomes the increase of the downward shortwave （SW） radiation under clear sky. The second is the cloud radiation effect （CRE） induced by ozone depletion, which happens because the decreased downward SW radiation overcomes the increased downward LW radiation in the case of increased cloud. Although the CRE is theoretically opposite to the DRE, their final net effect makes comparable contributions to the EA surface cooling. Compared with the surface radiation budget, the surface heat flux budgets have a much smaller contribution. We additionally note that the CRE is basically ascribed to the circulation change.     

Surface Trace Gases at a Rural Site between the Megacities of Beijing and Tianjin

The North China Plain （NCP） has recently faced serious air quality problems as a result of enhanced gas pollutant emissions due to the process of urbanization and rapid economic growth. To explore regional air pollu- tion in the NCP, measurements of surface ozone （O3）, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, and sulfur dioxide （SO2） were car- ried out from May to November 2013 at a rural site （Xianghe） between the twin megacities of Beijing and Tianjin. The highest hourly ozone average was close to 240 ppbv in May, followed by around 160 ppbv in June and July. High ozone episodes were more notable than in 2005 and were mainly associated with air parcels from the city cluster in the hinterland of the polluted NCP to the southwest of the site. For NOx, an important ozone precur- sor, the concentrations ranged from several ppbv to nearly 180 ppbv in the summer and over 400 ppbv in the fall. The occurrence of high NOx concentrations under calm condi- tions indicated that local emissions were dominant in Xianghe. The double-peak diurnal pattern found in NOx concentrations and NO/NOx ratios was probably shaped by local emissions, photochemical removal, and dilution re- sulting from diurnal variations of surface wind speed and the boundary layer height. A pronounced SO2 daytime peak was noted and attributed to downward mixing from an SO2-rich layer above, while the SO2-polluted air mass transported from possible emission sources, which differed between the non-heating （September and October） and heating （November） periods, was thought to be responsible for night-time high concentrations.     

六大亮点玩转倾斜摄影模型

正倾斜摄影自动化建模技术是近年来国际遥感与测绘领域迅速发展起来的一项高新技术。由于具备快速还原真实现状、方便野外数据采集、成本低精度高等特点,国内外众多测绘单位和相关企业广泛采用该项技术来生产三维模型数据,并逐步取代传统手工建模,成为新的三维模型生产的重要方式。不过,倾斜摄影自动化建模由于其自身技术机制限制,存在数据量庞大、单体化困难等"拦路虎",使其模型成果不便在大范围内很好地应用起来,这也成为     

基于GIS的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台构建研究

广东省交通运输厅从2012年起,组织分期研究开发基于地理信息系统的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台(简称"平台"),旨在建立健全统一的全省交通运输业数据采集、发布标准及技术管理规范,分别构建5大类运输方式线网及重要的运输枢纽站场节点的多级图层,叠加形成全省综合运输体系布局规划"一张图"。"平台"采用4层设计,依托后台管理、应用分析和综合展示3大子系统,搭建了基础地理信息、经济社会、交通运输现状、综合运输体系规划成果及其他共5大类数据库,"平台(一期)"于2014年3月26日通过验收,实现了多维度、多视角展示和查询交通运输业数据成果的预期功能。研究实践将力促综合运输体系规划研究和决策方式实行根本性变革。     

基于GeoSOT网格的遥感数据动态展示

为了更好地展示遥感数据,本文提出网格化动态展示的方法。该方法采用了GeoSOT全球剖分网格作为数据组织的标准框架,确定了数据的空间分辨率与剖分网格的对应关系,在对数据进行多层次剖分化组织的基础上,介绍了自动式和交互式两种动态展示的方法流程和规则。实验表明,该方法能更好地实现数据监控和数据查询,是遥感数据展示方法的有益补充。     

“营造地表形态的力量”教学设计

正教学目标1.结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的内、外力因素。2.结合实例,说明岩石圈的物质循环。教学重点和难点教学重点是如何区分外力作用所形成的不同地表形态;教学难点是内力外力作用的关系及共同对地表形态的塑造。教学流程     

基于航空LiDAR数据提取建筑物边界的方法研究

激光测距是一项高效、精确的实现地表信息采集的技术。城市区域的高密度激光点云数据的获取使提取兴趣目标对象(建筑物、植被等)成为可能。本文提供一种利用航空激光雷达(LIDAR)数据提取建筑物边界的有效方法,该方法首先通过基于曲面拟合的滤波算法销减地形的影响,然后利用地物的纹理信息区分建筑物与非建筑物要素,最后通过一系列后处理,如小区域去除、矢量化等,最终提取出所需要的建筑物边界。实验表明本文提供的方法用于建筑物边界的提取效果理想。     

石窟寺三维数字化档案建设方法与技术探讨

文物是不可再生的文化资源,需采用现代科技手段对其进行数字化保护,延续人类历史文明。本文以彬县大佛寺石窟为例,在已有基础地理信息数据、三维激光扫描数据、立面影像数据的基础上,运用CAD建模技术、三维激光扫描技术、虚拟现实技术构建石窟寺三维立体模型,借助CityMaker软件对模型数据、基础地理信息数据及文档资料进行管理。在此基础上,采用基于GIS组件的二次开发方法,借助于CityMaker SDK组件进行三维数字化档案系统开发,探索石窟寺三维数字化档案的建设方法。结果表明,本文提出的方法实现了对石窟寺三维数字化档案的管理,客观详实地记录了石窟寺现状,为文物部门的管理工作提供了便利。