天然水体中悬浮粒子表面电荷的研究

本文对近二十年来天然水体中悬浮粒子表面电荷的研究工作进行了综合评述。对盐度、离子强度、pH、金属离子及海洋有机物等因素对悬浮粒子表面电荷的影响进行了总结和探讨,并得出了最一般结论。     

杭州绕城高速公路软基处理试验的现场研究

对杭州绕城高速公路软基处理进行了现场试验研究，包括土性参数的确定，原位表面沉降观测，分层沉降观测，水平位移观测和孔隙水压力观测，试验结果对设计和施工有重要的指导意义。     

万里高风鹏正举 鲲鹏崛起九州低——祝贺《海洋测绘》创刊30周年

欣闻《海洋测绘》创刊30周年,谨向贵刊致以衷心的祝贺和诚挚的问候!作为军内外测绘界和期刊出版界具有一定权威性和影响力的知名刊物,《海洋测绘》是展示我国     

A three-dimensional semi-implicit unstructured grid finite volume ocean model

A new three-dimensional semi-implicit finite-volume ocean model has been developed for simulating the coastal ocean circulation, which is based on the staggered C -unstructured non-orthogonal grid in the horizontal direction and z -level grid in the vertical direction. The three-dimensional model is discretized by the semi-implicit finite-volume method, in that the free-surface and the vertical diffusion are semi-implicit, thereby removing stability limitations associated with the surface gravity wave and vertical diffusion terms. The remaining terms in the momentum equations are discretized explicitly by an integral method. The partial cell method is used for resolving topography, which enables the model to better represent irregular topography. The model has been tested against analytical cases for wind and tidal oscillation circulation, and is applied to simulating the tidal flow in the Bohai Sea. The results are in good agreement both with the analytical solutions and measurement results.     

海洋混合层深度时空分布及其与风、浪参数的相关性分析

本文应用一个经验证的全球尺度FVCOM海浪模型,模拟了2012年全球海洋海浪场的分布和演变,分析了海表面风场、海浪场与混合层深度的全球尺度分布及相关性。综合观测资料和模型结果显示,海表面10 m风速、有效波高与混合层深度的全球尺度分布随季节发生显著的变化,并且其分布态势存在明显的相似性。从相关系数的全球分布来看,海表面10 m风速在印度洋低纬度海区（纬度0°~20°）与混合层深度间有较强的相关性,相关系数大于0.5;有效波高与混合层深度间相关系数大于0.5的网格分布在北半球高纬度海区和印度洋北部。谱峰周期与混合层深度间在部分海区存在负相关关系,这些网格主要分布在低纬度海区（纬度0°~30°）。统计结果显示,有效波高、海表面10 m风速和谱峰周期与混合层深度间的平均相关系数分别为0.31、0.25和0.12。综合以上结果表明,有效波高较谱峰周期能更有效地表征波浪能对海洋上层混合的影响;相比于海表面风速,有效波高与混合层深度间存在更强的相关关系,其变化对海洋上层混合有更显著的影响。     

一种利用SMOS卫星观测的海表面盐度反演海水盐度廓线的方法

This paper proposes a new method to retrieve salinity profiles from the sea surface salinity(SSS) observed by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS) satellite. The main vertical patterns of the salinity profiles are firstly extracted from the salinity profiles measured by Argo using the empirical orthogonal function. To determine the time coefficients for each vertical pattern, two statistical models are developed. In the linear model, a transfer function is proposed to relate the SSS observed by SMOS(SMOS_SSS) with that measured by Argo, and then a linear relationship between the SMOS_SSS and the time coefficient is established. In the nonlinear model, the neural network is utilized to estimate the time coefficients from SMOS_SSS, months and positions of the salinity profiles. The two models are validated by comparing the salinity profiles retrieved from SMOS with those measured by Argo and the climatological salinities. The root-mean-square error(RMSE) of the linear and nonlinear model are 0.08–0.16 and 0.08–0.14 for the upper 400 m, which are 0.01–0.07 and 0.01–0.09 smaller than the RMSE of climatology. The error sources of the method are also discussed.     

Polarimetric entropy of the ocean surface with a two-scale scattering model

The relationships among an ocean wave spectrum,a fully polarimetric coherence matrix,and radar parameters are deduced with an electromagnetic wave theory.Furthermore,the relationship between the polarimetric entropy and ocean wave spectrum is established based on the definition of entropy and a twoscale scattering model of the ocean surface.It is the first time that the polarimetric entropy of the ocean surface is presented in theory.Meanwhile,the relationships among the fully polarimetric entropy and the parameters related to radar and ocean are discussed.The study is the basis of further monitoring targets on the ocean surface and deriving oceanic information with the entropy from the ocean surface.The contrast enhancement between human-made targets and the ocean surface with the entropy is presented with quad-pol airborne synthetic aperture radar（AIRSAR） data.     

Characteristics of nitrogen forms in the southern Huanghai Sea surface sediments

The distributions of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments of the southern Huanghai Sea are different and affected by various factors. The contents of IEF-N, SOEF-N and TN gradually decrease eastward, and those of SAEF-N northward, while those of WAEF-N westward. Around the seaport of the old Huanghe (Yellow) River, the contents of both SOEF-N and TN are the highest. Among all the factors, the content of fine sediment is the predominant factor to affect the distributions of different forms of nitrogen. The contents of IEF-N, SOEF-N, and TN have visibly positive correlation with the content of f‘me sediments, and the correlative coefficient is 0.68, 0.58 and 0.71 respectively, showing that the contents of the three forms of nitrogen increase with those of f-me sediments. The content of WAEF-N is related to that of fine sediments to a certain extent, with a correlative coefficient of 0.35; while the content of SAEF-N is not related to that of fine sediments, showing that the content of SAEF-N is not controlled by fine grain-size fractions of sediments. In addition, the distributions of different forms of nitrogen are also interacted one another, and the contents of IEF-N and SOEF-N are obviously affected by TN, while those of inorganic nitrogen (WAEF-N, SAEF-N and IEF-N) are not affected by SOEF-N and TN obviously, although they are interacted each other.     

南黄海第四纪时期石英砂表面结构特征及其环境意义

石英砂表面结构的特定标志及组合特征是判别沉积环境的重要依据。南黄海第四纪时期沉积相中石英砂表面结构因沉积作用的不同而有差异，磨圆度、表面形态是反映高能和低能环境的灵敏指标，典型环境的特有标志和某种表面结构出现的几率以及这些标志形成顺序的识别，均是环境判定和解释的重要内容。南黄海潮流砂物质来源复杂，强劲的潮流是其形成的主要动力因素；晚更新世末期的石英砂具有河漫滩相沉积的特点，颗粒的溶蚀程度似乎反映了一种“温凉”的气候条件。     

亚甲基蓝在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为

本文对常用的染料亚甲基蓝(MB)在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为进行了研究,发现它的吸附机理主要是在沉积物上的表面吸附和微孔作用,吸附与黏土矿物的含量有一定的相关性。在实验浓度范围内,MB在3种不同处理方式沉积物上的吸附行为都可以用Freundlich等温式来描述。通过改变吸附条件发现,随着盐度的增加,吸附能力减小,而温度的改变,对吸附能力的影响并不明显。此外,通过向体系中加入不同表面活性剂来模拟双溶质体系的方法,对MB与表面活性剂的竞争吸附行为进行了研究。结果发现在2种介质中,吐温20(Tween20)的加入对吸附的影响均不大;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的加入使MB的吸附能力减弱,在蒸馏水中抑制作用更加明显;在海水中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对吸附有抑制作用,而在蒸馏水中,SDBS却对吸附起到促进作用。