海洋药物开发及其产业

生长在海洋这一特殊生态环境中的海洋生物,其生长和代谢过程中产生并积累了大量的天然产物,这些产物具有抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒、免疫促进等多种生物活性。因而,海洋生物是开发海洋药物和海洋保健品的重要资源。向大海索取更多的药品,造福于人类的健康,已成为人们普遍关...     

长白山金川泥炭地金藻鳞片分类特征的初步研究

藻类是泥炭地生态系统的重要组成部分,目前对泥炭地藻类生物多样性及生态特征报道较少。本研究以长白山金川泥炭地表层泥炭藓为试材,利用扫描电子显微镜分析附生硅质藻类遗存形态特征,发现大量硅藻壳体和金藻孢囊,还有少量金藻鳞片。这些金藻鳞片总体呈两头略尖的椭圆形,由圆顶、盾、V形肋、凸缘、刚毛等部分组成。鳞片长度范围在4~5μm,宽度范围在2~3μm。经比对前人研究,这些金藻鳞片属于金藻纲金胞藻目鱼鳞藻属(mallomonas)。金藻鳞片由于其硅质成分易于保存、分类特征明显且对环境变化响应敏感,是湿地环境监测和古环境重建的有效生物指标。目前我国金藻鳞片相关报道很少,需加强金藻鳞片分类学及生态属性调查,深入了解湿地藻类生物多样性,并为湿地环境评估提供新方法。     

Development of taxonomic rRNA-targeted probes of two harmful algae: Prorocentrum minimum and Karenia mikimotoi by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Harmful algal blooms recently have been under the spotlight throughout the world, because of their negative impact on the marine environment, aquaculture, fisheries as well as public health. The development of methods for rapid and precise identification and quantification of causative species is essential for the warning and monitoring of blooms, among which the techniques based on taxonomic probes are the most favored. In this study, two harmful algae, i.e., Prorocentrum minimum and Karenia mikimotoi were taken into consideration. The partial large subunit rDNA (D1-D2) of both species were firstly PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were then introduced to carry out alignment analysis for gene specific regions. Three respective candidate probes for each species were designed and used to screen the optimal probe by performing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests. The results showed that the probes Pmin0443 and Kmik0602 displayed the best hybridization for P. minimum and K. mikimotoi, respectively. Both the specific (taxonomic) (Pmin0443 and Kmik0602) and the control probes (UniC0512 and UniR0499) were used for cross-reactivity tests with other microalgae in our laboratory. The probes Pmin0443 and Kmik0602 are specific and could be served as taxonomic probes introduced into the techniques targeting rRNA, such as FISH, sandwich hybridization, and DNA-microarray assay of P. minimum and K. mikimotoi in the future. Finally, FISH analyses with both probes were performed on the simulated field samples. The probes could hybridize exclusively with the target cells well, and no significant difference (p >0.05) was observed in the cell densities of the samples determined by FISH and light microscopy (LM). All suggest that the probes are specific and could be introduced into FISH for the monitoring of both harmful algae.     

从以色列微藻生物技术论中国微藻产业的发展

于１９９４年１２月１５日－１９９４年１２月３０日随中国考察团赴以色列访问考察。考察表明，以色列十分重视微藻生物技术尤其是有关藻类光合作用机理和新藻种的开发等方面的基础研究，同时对高有效成份含量微藻生产工艺等应用性研究方面也很重视，实现了螺旋藻生产的计算机控制。我国应该加强同以色列在高效微藻生物技术领域的合作，增加科技投入，加强有关优良藻种选育和藻类生物反应器等方面的研究工作，以便加速我国微藻产业的     

胶州湾口内初级生产力的周年定点观测

于１９８３年１１月－１９８５年１１月利用黑白瓶测氧法研究了胶州湾东南部的初级生产力及其与各环境因子的关系。结果表明，调查区内初级生产力的变化范围是０．１０－２．８２ｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）碳，年初级生产量的平均是２０６ｇ／ｍ＾２碳，夏半年（５－１０月）的初级生产量平均占全年生产量的７３．４５％，浮游植物的光合作用对有效太阳辐射能的平均利用率是０．６４％，初级生产力与水温，日太阳辐射能等均呈明显的正相磁，     

大连石庙鲍育苗池冬!春季底栖藻类组成初探

对大连石庙鲍育苗池冬,春季底栖藻类的组成作了调研,共发现藻类５７种（含变种）,其中有２４种及变种为辽宁省新记录。藻类组成有如下特点：硅藻种类比较丰富;冬、春季藻类群落组成有一定的主次,演替表现十分明显,种类的重现率不高。     

Cu,Zn和Cd对5种单细胞藻的酶基因表达调控的研究

报道了在Cu2 +、Cd2 +和Zn2 +的毒害作用下 ,三角褐指藻 (PhaeodactylumtricornutumBohlin) ,湛江叉鞭藻 (IsochrysiszhanjiangensisHu &Lui) ,绿色巴夫藻 (PaviovaviridisTsengChenetZhang) ,青岛大扁藻 (Platymonashelgolandicavar.TsingtaoensisTsengetT.J.Chang) ,小球藻(Chlorellasp.)等单细胞藻的苹果酸脱氢酶发生了明显的变化。其中 ,不同种类重金属离子对该酶的基因表达作用不同 ,即使是同种离子但浓度不同 ,这种作用也不同。一般情况下高离子浓度抑制了酶基因的表达。低离子浓度促进了表达。但也有例外 ,如Cd2 +(24.53μg/ml)、Zn2 +(24.31,16.21μg/ml)促进三角褐指藻MDH 1座位等位基因的表达量 ;Cd2 +(24.53,12.26μg/ml)促进小球藻MDH 1座位等位基因的表达量。由此可推出 ,重金属离子可以干扰等位基因的表达 ,并在等位酶的活性上表现出来     

环境因子对赤潮藻类增殖及相关特性的影响

本文从水体富营养、微量元素等五个方面论述了环境因子对赤潮藻类增殖及演替等相关特性的影响。其中着重论述了不同形态、不同比例氮磷产生的影响；维生素等有机物与赤潮的密切关系；而微量元素主要讨论了铁和锰。此外，还论述了温度、盐度、扰动及微生物等因素的作用。