光照及营养盐对3种赤潮甲藻吞噬营养行为的影响

通过在室内批量培养实验中添加活体藻类及荧光标记藻类(Fluorescent Labled Algae,FLA)的方式,研究不同光照及营养盐条件下3种赤潮甲藻米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、链状亚历山大藻(alexandrium catenella)及东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghai...     

Effects of irradiance on pigment signatures of harmful algae during growth process

Three harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Proro-centrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities (40, 70 and 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1). The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 (0.36 divisions per day). In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreas-ing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β,β-carotene to total chlorophylls a (Tchl a) showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth pro-cess probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.     

华北燕山裂陷槽中元古代深水藻类生物沉积及其环境

河北平泉燕山裂陷槽中元古代地层中,藻席-藻团-藻丝-藻屑-泥晶薄层交替形成韵律沉积。经对系列标本(薄片)特征及其不同结构类型的对比分析,认为它们是在风暴浪基面之下,具风暴流浊积特征的深水藻类生物沉积系列。浅海叠层石及其他底栖藻类构成了从浅海至半深海上部浅水一个完整的藻类沉积序列,其不同类型的特征则成为鉴别沉积时各环境要素的可靠依据,即依据不同藻类生物沉积类型———藻席、藻团、藻丝及藻层的组合序列变化,作为判别200～400 m半深海浅水环境的依据。     

不同藻类水体太阳激发的叶绿素荧光峰（SICF）特性研究

采用现场实测和室内培养两种方式测定了甲藻、赤潮异弯藻、海洋蓝绿藻、叉角藻赤潮和新月菱形藻、叉鞭金藻、塔胞藻、扁藻和小球藻等非赤潮藻类光谱曲线,采用度量太阳激发的叶绿素荧光峰高度的Rmaxred/R560比值法,建立了不同藻类Rmaxred/R560与叶绿素a浓度的关系,R>0.82。随藻类的不同,Rmaxred/R560与叶绿素a的关系发生较大的变化,其关系方程的系数a的变化范围为0.037—1.135之间,b的变化范围为0.094—0.727之间。同时建立了不同藻类荧光峰位置与叶绿素a浓度的关系,除海洋蓝绿藻为0.57外,R均大于0.75。随叶绿素浓度的增加,浮游植物反射光谱荧光峰的位置向红光方向移动。随藻类不同,移动的幅度有所差异,赤潮异弯藻的移动幅度最大,其它藻类每10mgm-3浓度的移动幅度介于0.1—0.3nm之间。叉鞭金藻和塔胞藻在实验的浓度范围内未见移动。     

Cu,Zn和Cd对5种单细胞藻的酶基因表达调控的研究

报道了在Cu2 +、Cd2 +和Zn2 +的毒害作用下 ,三角褐指藻 (PhaeodactylumtricornutumBohlin) ,湛江叉鞭藻 (IsochrysiszhanjiangensisHu &Lui) ,绿色巴夫藻 (PaviovaviridisTsengChenetZhang) ,青岛大扁藻 (Platymonashelgolandicavar.TsingtaoensisTsengetT.J.Chang) ,小球藻(Chlorellasp.)等单细胞藻的苹果酸脱氢酶发生了明显的变化。其中 ,不同种类重金属离子对该酶的基因表达作用不同 ,即使是同种离子但浓度不同 ,这种作用也不同。一般情况下高离子浓度抑制了酶基因的表达。低离子浓度促进了表达。但也有例外 ,如Cd2 +(24.53μg/ml)、Zn2 +(24.31,16.21μg/ml)促进三角褐指藻MDH 1座位等位基因的表达量 ;Cd2 +(24.53,12.26μg/ml)促进小球藻MDH 1座位等位基因的表达量。由此可推出 ,重金属离子可以干扰等位基因的表达 ,并在等位酶的活性上表现出来     

菌藻类繁盛是泥盆纪珊瑚-层孔虫礁生态系消失的生物杀手

在四川甘溪和贵州独山泥盆纪剖面的造礁珊瑚-层孔虫薄片中,发育多种菌藻类及其生物遗迹:主要包括结壳菌藻类、钻孔菌藻类、微钻孔和嵌生;并发现了寄主珊瑚-层孔虫中菌藻类及其遗迹产出部位具有骨骼残缺和虫室中常见软体组织死后的残留物质.我们的资料表明,菌藻类与寄主珊瑚-层孔虫之间是"侵略与反抗"的关系,前者对后者生长有抑制作用,后者有一定自我修复功能,二者关系中菌藻类是主动的一方;在适合寄主珊瑚-层孔虫生存环境的中泥盆世,寄主珊瑚-层孔虫能抵抗菌藻类入侵而不会死亡,菌藻类对珊瑚-层孔虫礁生态系的影响很小;在适合菌藻类而不适合珊瑚-层孔虫生长环境的晚泥盆世,后者无法抵抗前者"大举入侵"而出现凋零和死亡.我们认为菌藻类对寄主珊瑚-层孔虫的生长发育的直接抑制与杀死作用和菌藻类繁盛引发的环境恶化是F-F之交珊瑚-层孔虫礁生态系消失的重要原因,这为现代珊瑚礁患病-衰退的原因和发展趋势研究提供了古代实例.     

Effects of strontium-induced stress on marine microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis （Chlorophyta： Volvocales）

1 INTRODUCTION Heavy metal pollution in marine environment has always been a serious problem over the last several decades, because most of the heavy metal species that enter marine environment accumulated there without decomposition. Strontium is a minor…     

A COMPARISON OF EASTERN AND WESTERN HONG KONG PHYTOPLANKTON FROM WEEKLY SAMPLES （1997-1999）

Weekly phytoplankton samples were taken from western Hong Kong (Lamma) from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1999 and from Port Shelter in Eastern Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 1999. During that time diatom blooms occurred repeatedly at both sites but never in synchrony. One species would bloom at one site and then weeks later it or another species would bloom at the other site; while the 1998 red tide of the mucus producing dinoflagellateGymnodinium mikimotoi occurred at both sites. It first occurred at the Port Shelter site in March and did not appear at the Lamma site until April. With the single exception of this species, no other dinoflagellate reached bloom concentrations at the Lamma site. In addition, dinoflagellate abundance at the Lamma site was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that at the Port Shelter site. This was correlated with a significantly higher turbidity (i. e. low Secchi transparency) and higher turbulence (stronger currents) at the Lamma site. Annual variation in surface temperature correlated with total surface phytoplankton abundance at both our sample sites. Phytoplankton abundance increased in spring as water temperatures warmed. In fall, as surface water temperatures began to decline and the monsoon rains became less frequent there was a reduction in phytoplankton abundance associated with the reduction in temperature and light. Because so many variables co-occur with temperature (e. g. the amount of rainfall light intensity and light duration etc.) it is not possible to cite temperature as the causal factor associated weth controlling phytoplankton abundance at our two sample sites. Our data support the rather controversial notion that percentage-wise, there are relatively more harmful bloom forming species in nutrient-rich coastal waters than there are in the world's oceans. 16% of the dinoflagellate species and 10.3% of the diatom species observed at our two sample sites were classed as harmful. These percentages were higher than those cited by Sournia (1995) for the worlds oceans (9.6% and 6.8% respectively). This raises the possibility that there are relatively more toxic species in the nutrient-rich coastal waters of the world than there are in the mid ocean nutrient-poor areas of the world. Some reasons for this are briefly discussed.     

新立城水库藻类污染成因分析及治理对策措施

本文对新立城水库发生蓝藻水华事件进行了水质应急监测和污染成因分析.从新立城水库气象条件分析,发现水库水温是历史同期最高值,为藻类在库区内大量迅速繁殖提供了温度条件;从新立城水库坝前、库中和库末氮磷浓度分析,发现水库氮磷浓度均超过富营养化临界值,为藻类在库区内大量迅速繁殖提供了营养条件.本文在分析水库藻类污染成因基础上,提出了从水库管理和现有水处理系统的改进入手,加强新立城水库外源污染控制对策措施和内源污染治理措施.     

黏土治理藻类和富营养化污染水体研究新进展

江河湖海的富营养化导致湖河蓝藻和沿海赤潮频发是全世界面临的灾害性问题之一。黏土治藻是解决这一环境难题的技术方法之一,在应急治理藻华和赤潮中已取得一定成效。黏土治藻具有一定缺陷,研究黏土的类型、含量、治藻性能、有机和无机改性及其治藻性能、优异性能黏土筛选、复配集成及其治藻、去富营养化性能的技术方法,已取得一系列成果,尤其在藻类和富营养化标本兼治、应急和长效综合治理取得了新突破,展示了其发展的广阔前景。