刺参雌核发育二倍体的诱导及其早期生长发育

紫外线照射使精子遗传物质失活,用细胞松弛素B(CB)处理受精卵抑制第二极体释放,诱导刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)雌核发育二倍体。用强度为2561μW/(cm2.s)的紫外线(254 nm)照射不同时间的精子与正常卵子受精。结果发现随照射时间的增加,卵裂率、早期胚胎存活率和小耳幼虫发生率逐渐降低,照射30 s时小耳幼虫发生率降为0。受精后35 min,显微镜下观察到有20%~30%受精卵排出第1极体时,用浓度0.5μg/mL的CB持续处理受精卵20 min,诱导出刺参第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体,雌核发育二倍体发育速度低于正常二倍体。微卫星分析表明,雌核发育二倍体诱导成功率为93.3%。     

菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中间培育及越冬生产实验

利用2．6hm^2和3．13hm^2 2个养虾池,经过池底清淤、底质改良、敌害清除、培养用水处理、繁殖基础饵料生物等工作后,分别移入在室内培育的菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum（Adams et Reeve））壳顶后期幼虫和双水管稚贝各80亿粒和9．7亿粒,经土池中间培育、越冬后,生产出2000-3000粒／500g幼贝7．9亿粒。自移入幼虫和稚贝到幼苗出池,成活率分别为4．5％和44．3％,达到了较高水平的中间培育、越冬成活率。     

山东省刺参增养殖技术发展现状

刺参是我国传统的名贵海产品,具有很高的食用和药用价值,价格高、市场容量大.为开发近海这一资源,原农牧渔业部曾于80年代初组织全国刺参增养殖技术攻关并取得重大成果.大水体刺参人工育苗(0.5cm)技术突破3000头/M2以上,地播增殖也有创新技术,为刺参增养殖生产奠定了基础.此后的近20年来,广大渔民和科技工作者的生产实践和科学试验使这项技术不断丰富与完善.参苗育成量逐年增多,仅长岛县年培育量就达6000-8000万头,育苗水平也大有提高,不少场家已达4000-5000头/M2,而且苗种的规格质量也更高(体长1cm以上).增养殖方式也从单一的潮下带地播增殖发展为多种养殖技术.     

仿刺参水溶性海参皂苷的分离制备及抗真菌活性的研究

利用海洋生物资源进行天然抗真菌新药的开发,从冻干海参加工废液中提取了水溶性海参皂苷,并对其抗真菌活性进行了研究。采用大孔吸附树脂法提取水溶性海参皂苷,经Libermann Burchard反应等对提取物的性质进行鉴定后,利用管碟法对所得提取物的抗菌活性进行了测定,并利用琼脂稀释法测定了所得水溶性海参皂苷对6株供试真菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。提取物在Molish反应、沉淀反应和泡沫实验中均为阳性,说明提取物中确含有皂苷类成分;在Libermann Burchard反应中,液体的颜色处在红色与紫色之间,显示提取物可能是1种三萜类皂苷。水溶性海参皂苷对6株供试真菌均具有显著的抑制作用,且在浓度为0.5~4 mg/mL的范围内,其抑菌活性与所用浓度之间呈明显的正相关性;在浓度为4 mg/mL时,水溶性海参皂苷对6株供试真菌抑制活性的大小依次为裂殖酵母菌、啤酒酵母菌、白色念珠菌、葡萄炭疽病原菌、黄瓜枯萎病原菌和黑曲霉,海参皂苷对6株真菌的MIC值依次分别为0.002,0.016,0.063,0.063,0.125,0.250 mg/mL。     

首届厦门国际城市环境论坛召开

由中国科学院城市环境研究所、国际可持续发展杂志社、厦门市科学技术局共同主办的首届厦门国际城市环境论坛于2007年11月28-29日在厦门召开.除我国科研工作者外,还有来自联合国亚太经社会、美国、英国、挪威、澳大利亚、德国、新西兰、菲律宾等国的城市环境研究、管理专家近100人.本次大会的主题是"中国的城市环境问题与解决方法".     

根据多卫星高度计海面高数据推算南中国海及菲律宾海域重力异常

t Gravity anomalies on a2.5 ×2.5 arc-minute grid in a non-tidal system were derived over the South China and Philippine Seas from multi-satellite altimetry data. North and east components of deflections of the vertical were computed from altimeter-derived sea surface heights at crossover locations, and gridded onto a 2.5 × 2.5 arc-minute resolution grid. EGM96-derived components of deflections of the vertical and gravity anomalies gridded into 2.5 × 2.5 arc-minute resolutions were then used as reference global geopotential model quantities in a remove-restore procedure to implement the Inverse Vening Meinesz formula via the 1D-FFT technique to predict the gravity anomalies over the South China and Philippine Seas from the gridded altimeter-derived components of deflections of the vertical. Statistical comparisons between the altimeter-derived and the shipboard gravity anomalies showed that there is a root-mean-square agreement of 5.7 mgals between them.     

菲律宾——国名竟是外国人名

菲律宾位于南海东侧,是东南亚第二个“群岛之国”,全国由7100多个大小岛屿组成,地理上与我国隔海相望,毗邻而居。它最北的岛屿距中国台湾省只有100多公里,而西南部的巴拉望岛,同中国的南沙群岛相距就更近了。因此,“邻里”关系早已建立。中国古籍中所说的麻逸、流新和吕宋等,都是指的这个国家。至于涉及它的某城、某岛、某地的地名就更多了,多到可以编一本不大不小的书。     

刺参夏眠的研究进展

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka)),又称仿刺参,属棘皮动物门(Echinodermata),海参纲(Ho-lothuroidea)[1,2],主要分布于北纬35°到44°的广大西北太平洋沿岸,北起俄罗斯的海参威,经日本海、朝鲜半岛南部到中国黄、渤海[3,4]。据报道,江苏连云港外的平山岛是该物种在中国分布的最南界[5]。刺参是典型的温带种类,在其生活史中存在着一种重要的生态习性:当夏季海水温度升高到一定范围后,刺参即迁移到海水较深、较安静的岩石间不动不食,这种现象称为“夏眠”(aestivation)。日本学者Mit-sukuri[6,7]最早观察到刺参的这一现象并提出了夏眠…     

四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应

采用静水试验法,在水温18.5℃~20℃的条件下,用Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 四种重金属对刺参幼参进行了单一急性毒性试验。结果表明:Cu2 对刺参幼参的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为0.299,0.176,0.133和0.120mg/L;Zn2 的24h,48h,72h和96hLC50分别为6.700,3.624,2.577和1.951mg/L;Cd2 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为4.246,2.588和2.137mg/L;Cr6 的24h,48h和72hLC50分别为31.974,7.499和3.808mg/L;Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 和Cr6 对刺参幼参的安全浓度分别为0.018,0.362,0.259和0.750mg/L。四种重金属对刺参幼参的毒性大小依次为Cu2 >Cd2 >Zn2 >Cr6 。     

Mineral provinces and matter provenance of the surficial sediments in the western Philippine Sea: implication for modern sedimentation in West Pacific marginal basin

The characteristics and distribution patterns of detrital minerals (0.063~0.125 mm) in marine sediments provide a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment.The detrital mineral composition of 219 surface sediment samples was analysed to identify the distribution of sediments within the western Philippine Sea. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: (I) province east of the Philippine Trench, the detrital minerals in this province are mainly composed of calcareous or siliceous organisms, with the addition of volcanogenic minerals from an adjacent island arc; (II) middle mineral province, clastic minerals including feldspar, quartz and colorless volcanic glass, sourced from seamounts with intermediate-acid volcanic rock, or erupting intermediate-acid volcano; (III) province west of the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge, the matter provenance within this province is complex; the small quantity of feldspar and quartz may be sourced from seamounts or erupting volcano with intermediate-acid composition, with a component of volcanic scoria sourced from a volcano erupting on the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge. it is suggested that, (1) Biogenic debris of the study area is closely related to water depth, with the amount of biogenic debris controlled by carbonate lysocline. (2) Volcaniclastic matter derived from the adjacent island arc can be entrained by oceanic currents and transported towards the abyssal basin over a short distance. The weathering products of volcanic rocks of the submarine plateau (e.g.,Benham Plateau) and adjacent ridges provide an important source of detrital sedimentation, and the influence scope of them is constrained by the intensity of submarine weathering. (3) Terrigenous sediments from the continent of Asia and the adjacent Philippine island arc have little influence on the sedimentation of this study area, and the felsic mineral component is probably sourced from volcanic seamounts of intermediate-acid composition.