A New Method of Identifying 3D Null Points in Solar Vector Magnetic Fields

Employing the Poincare index of isolated null-points in a vector field, we worked out a mathematical method of searching for 3D null-points in coronal magnetic fields. After introducing the relevant differential topology, we test the method by using the analytical model of Brown & Priest. The location of null-point identified by our method coincides precisely with the analytical solution. Finally we apply the method to the 3D coronal magnetic fields reconstructed from an observed MDI magnetogram of a super-active region (NOAA 10488). We find that the 3D null-point seems to be a key element in the magnetic topology associated with flare occurrence.     

Milestones in the Observations of Cosmic Magnetic Fields

Magnetic fields are observed everywhere in the universe. In this review, we concentrate on the observational aspects of the magnetic fields of Galactic and extragalactic objects. Readers can follow the milestones in the observations of cosmic magnetic fields obtained from the most important tracers of magnetic fields, namely, the star-light polarization, the Zeeman effect, the rotation measures (RMs, hereafter) of extragalactic radio sources, the pulsar RMs, radio polarization observations, as well as the newly implemented sub-mm and mm polarization capabilities. The magnetic field of the Galaxy was first discovered in 1949 by optical polarization observations. The local magnetic fields within one or two kpc have been well delineated by starlight polarization data. The polarization observations of diffuse Galactic radio background emission in 1962 confirmed unequivocally the existence of a Galactic magnetic field. The bulk of the present information about the magnetic fields in the Galaxy comes from anal     

关于磁流体体力学流动的一些理论研究

本介绍关于磁流体力学流动理论研究的一些结果，在所研究的流动中，允许流速垂直于磁场，允许各物理量随时间变化。在各有关的守恒定律和感应方程中引进代换，不经过求解，用严格的解析方法获得了有关解的某些性质，中给出一个简单的例子，在其中计算二维沿磁力线的稳恒态ＭＨＤ流动。     

冕洞观测研究的近期进展

简要介绍了在１９８８－１９９５年期间冕洞观测研究的主要进展。文中共分五个方面：１．冕洞磁场观测研究的新进展；２．冕洞在太阳活动周不同位相时的规律性；３．冕洞区高速太阳风观测的新结果；４．冕洞加热问题；５．存在问题。     

从区域重磁资料试论广西花岗岩的发育展布和定位方式

本文从广西主要花岗岩为壳源型花岗岩的基本事实出发,根据本区花岗岩与围岩在宏观上存在负密度差,花岗岩体内外接触带常形成蚀变磁性壳的特点,以区域重磁场提供的信息为依据,认为广西有四条北东向展布、一条北西向展布的花岗岩带。各岩带由深部到浅部发育着不同层次(不同定位深度)、特征各异的岩体组合。即深部巨大的原地型混合岩-混合花岗岩基带;中深部为半原地型花岗岩基;浅部为侵入花岗岩及高位置花岗岩体。它们综合反映出一个完整的花岗岩发育演化系列在不同发展阶段及不同地质构造背景所造成的定位特点。 广西花岗岩的空间展布和定位特点与地壳深部构造背景密切相关,主要花岗岩带大都沿地幔拗陷(浅层构造隆起带)发育;且深断裂带控制着花岗岩带的展布,并决定其侵位的特点。     

日冕磁场和重联的射电信号

总结了近期用射电频谱仪（高时间和高频谱分辨）和野边山射电日像仪（高空间分辨）以及国内外其它空间和地面设备分析日冕磁场和重联的系列工作。主要结论可归纳为：1）在Dulk等人（1982）的近似下自恰计算射电爆发源区磁场的平行和垂直分量，并首次得到该磁场在日面的两雏分布。2）为了考虑非热电子低能截止的影响，必须采用更严格的回旋同步辐射理论来计算。结果表明：低能截止和日冕磁场对计算有明显的影响，而其它参数（包括背景温度、密度、高能截止和辐射方向）的影响均可忽略。因此，对低能截止和日冕磁场必须联立求解。3）射电爆发中的精细结构可能反映了射电爆发源比较靠近粒子加速（磁场重联）的区域，利用高时间和高频率分辨的频谱仪和高空间分辨的日像仪联合分析，可以确定精细结构的源区位置，从而确定粒子加速（磁场重联）的准确时间和地点。     

Magneto-induced Line Broadening of Magneto-sensitive Lines in Solar Magnetized Atmospheres

We analyze the spectral line broadening of those magneto-sensitive lines in solar magnetized atmospheres. The broadening at the line wings is due to the increase of the effective width of energy levels involved in Zeeman splitting, and the broadening at the line core also originated in Zeeman splitting under the condition that the Zeeman components are mixed. Therefore, the magnetoinduced or Zeeman broadening take effects on the whole line. The observed Stokes parameter data in a sunspot and outside it acquired by Solar Stokes Spectrum Telescope (S3T) are analyzed for the demonstration of this mechanism, and the Zeeman broadening rates are calculated for FeI6302.5 under some assumptions. Our result shows that the broadening is increased as the magnetic field strength becomes stronger, but the rate of increase at the line core is decreased as the field strength increases, while the rate at the wing does not show such an obvious regularity. The broadening is more effective in the line core than in the wings.     

微波爆发区的日冕磁场研究

回顾了日冕磁的研究历史，介绍了我们首镒提出的日冕磁场的微波诊断方法及其应用的带来的启迪，提出进一步开展日冕磁场及其相关研究的建议。     

无力场模型黑子上空的纵向磁场梯度

本文按常α无力场模型计算了1980年10月23日Boulder 2744活动区前导黑子的纵向磁场随高度的变化,并与用CIV 1548谱线观测得到的色球一日冕过渡区的磁场资料相结合,求得CIV 1548发射区的有效高度。这些结果与文献[4]中对同一黑子用势场模型推求的结果有很大差别。从而表明,势场和无力场在某些方面导致的结果是极不相同的。鉴于观测已表明活动区上空存在电流的事实,在活动区磁场的模拟中,特别是在强扭曲活动区磁场的计算中,应当避免采用势场,而尽可能采用无力场模型。     

磁场中p模／s模的转换及黑子对声波的吸收

在柱坐标下将黑子周围的不形区域（黑子除外）内的振荡分解为朝向黑子传播的（入射的）波和离开黑子传播的（出射的）波。对无黑子的环形区域内的振荡也进行了同样的分解。将黑子周转的入射波看成是被黑子磁流管磁化了介质（介质内的磁场基本是水平的）中的波。而无黑子区的放射波看成是非磁化介质中的波。比较这两种波在固定波数下功率随的分布发现，在磁化介质中不同径向除ｎ的声波（Ｐ模）频率系统降低，同时功率也降低，降低的功