脱壳病和吻肿病东风螺体内致病菌及条件致病菌菌相研究

为探讨东风螺脱壳病和吻肿病与体内外致病菌及条件致病菌的相关性,测定了东风螺养殖水体环境中异养菌菌落总数,并对病螺及健康螺体内致病菌及条件致病菌进行了分离鉴定.经兔血培养基、TCBS培养基和弧菌显色培养基分离培养,用生化试验和细菌16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,结果显示:发生脱壳病的方斑东风螺螺池水体中的异养菌菌落总数为1.34×106 cfu/mL,病螺体内分离的致病菌及条件致病菌有副溶血弧菌、哈氏弧菌、河流弧菌、Vibrio hepatarius、腐败希瓦氏菌、海藻希瓦氏菌和芽孢杆菌,其中优势菌株为副溶血性弧菌溶血菌株和哈氏弧菌;脱壳病与吻肿病共患的泥螺螺池水体中异养菌的菌落总数为1.46×107 cfu/mL,病螺体内分离的致病菌及条件致病菌有副溶血弧菌、哈氏弧菌、鲍鱼希瓦氏菌、海藻希瓦氏菌和芽胞杆菌,优势菌株为海藻希瓦氏菌、鲍鱼希瓦氏菌和哈氏弧菌;健康东风螺螺池水体异养菌菌落总数为7.6×104 cfu/mL,健康东风螺螺体内的优势菌株为副溶血性弧菌非溶血菌株和Vibrio hepatarius.试验结果表明,东风螺脱壳病和吻肿病与养殖水体环境中异养菌的总数及螺体内部致病菌及条件致病菌分布具有一定相关性.     

我国矿物立典研究取得阶段性进展

目前,《中国矿物志》第五卷《含氧盐矿物卷》第二分册编著工作已取得阶段性进展,表明我国近30年历程的矿物立典研究推进顺利。《含氧盐矿物卷》分两册,第一分册于2000年编著并于2006年结集出版;第二分册是《碳酸盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐及硫酸盐类矿物卷》,2011年由国土资源部组织申请国家科技基础性工作专项,由中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所承担,并于2012年5月开始编著。据负责第二分册编著工作的蔡剑辉教授介绍,截至2011年,IMA CNMNC(国际矿物协会新矿物及矿物分     

Marine bacterium strain screening and pyrethroid insecticide-degrading efficiency analysis

A pyrethroid insecticide-degrading bacterium, strain HS-24, was isolated from an offshore seawater environment. The strain, which can degrade cypermethrin(CYP) and deltamethrin(DEL), was identified as Methylophaga sp. The optimal culture and degradation conditions for CYP and DEL by strain HS-24 is pH 7 at 28°C. Under optimum culture conditions, strain HS-24 exhibited a broad degradation concentration range of 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/L for CYP and DEL. The metabolic intermediates were analyzed by NMR, which provided strong evidence that CYP and DEL removal occurred mainly because of a biological process. The toxicity of the degradation products of strain HS-24 was studied simultaneously by measuring the light output of the luminescence bacterium. This demonstrated that the biodegradation ability of strain HS-24 significantly decreased the toxicity of CYP- and DEL-contaminated aquaculture seawater. Finally, the findings of this paper indicate that strain HS-24 is thus revealed as a biological agent for the remediation of marine aquatic environments.     

柴达木盆地三湖坳陷区域性盐壳发现及生物气勘探地质意义

利用地震解释、X线衍射全岩定量分析,结合孔隙度、渗透率等资料,分析三湖坳陷北斜坡带陵间断裂带东段近水平、穿时的盐壳生物气成藏地质意义,确定盐壳分布范围、岩性、物性及形成时间等。结果表明:柴达木盆地三湖坳陷盐壳分布面积为812 km~2,厚度近60 m,以石盐为主,岩性致密,具有极好的封盖能力;盐壳形成时间早于生物气大规模排放期,与生物气的生成、运移形成良好的时间配置,为有效的封盖层;来源于中央凹陷区的生物气以水溶气形式伴随地层水自南向北运移,地层水矿化度增加,天然气不断析出,在盐下背斜圈闭和盐壳侧向封堵圈闭中聚集成藏;预测盐壳发育区生物气资源量为920×10~8 m~3,盐下背斜型圈闭和盐壳侧向封堵型圈闭资源量为500×10~8 m~3,勘探潜力巨大。该结果为三湖坳陷下一步生物气勘探提供指导。     

察尔汗:聚宝盆中的梦幻盐湖

2005年,察尔汗盐湖被国土资源部批准建立为我国首批国家矿山公园. 从诺木洪至格尔木,一路极目远望,南面是横空出世的昆仑山,北面是一眼望不到边的大平原,坦荡,辽阔,浩瀚无垠.遥远的地平线上,一座迷人的孤岛如同世外桃源.看到这奇景,第一次去的人不仅要问:这是什么地方?     

Current and thermohaline characteristics of the Arabian Sea during January 1998

Based on a ship survey during January 1998, the characteristics of the flow, the thermohaline properties and the volume transport of the Arabian Sea are discussed. A strong westward flow exists between 10.5?N and 11?N, part of which turns to the south as the Somali current near the coast at about 10?N and the rest turns north. At the passage between the African continent and the So- cotra Island, the northern branch separates into two flows: the left one enters the passage and the right one flows eastward along the southern slope of the island. Off the island the flow separates once more, most of it meandering northeast and a small fraction flow- ing southeast. Volume transport calculation suggests that the tidal transport is one or two orders of magnitude smaller than the total transport in this region and it becomes more important near the coast. The average velocity of the flow in the upper layer (0-150 m) is about 20 cm s-1, with a maximum of 53 cm s-1 appearing east of the Socotra Island, and the subsurface layer (200-800 m) has an aver- age velocity of 8.6 cm s-1; the velocity becomes smaller at greater depths. The depth of the seasonal thermocline is about 100 m, above which there is a layer with well mixed temperature and dissolved oxygen. High-salinity and oxygen-rich water appears near the surface of the northern Arabian Sea; a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at 100 m depth along 8?N testifies the subduction of surface water from the northern Arabian Sea. Waters from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf also influence the salinity of the area.     

Hg-Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草光合色素和丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过胁迫试验研究Hg-Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草光合色素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,Hg-Cd复合毒性对卵叶喜盐草叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝含量显著影响(P0.05),当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别大于0.005和0.100 mg·L~(-1)时,叶绿素a、b比值,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量下降,光合作用受抑制;Hg-Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草的MDA含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05),当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别为0.005和0.100 mg·L~(-1)时,MDA含量上升41.5%;Hg、Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响有统计学意义(P0.05),SOD活性随浓度梯度逐渐下降,在Hg、Cd质量浓度分别大于0.010和0.200 mg·L~(-1)时,SOD活性降低,POD和CAT活性随胁迫浓度梯度呈先增后减趋势,其中当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别为0.010和0.20 mg·L~(-1)时,而POD和CAT活性均上升为最大值,分别较对照组增加12.35%和22.75%,当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别大于0.015和0.300 mg·L~(-1)时,POD和CAT活性开始下降至最低。总的来说,Hg、Cd联合胁迫的浓度大于0.005和0.100 mg·L~(-1)时,卵叶喜盐草光合色素含量下降,MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性均相应发生变化。     

Studies of community structure and seasonal dynamics of planktonic copepods in saline-alkaline ponds

Abstracts Species abundance and seasonal succession of copepods in saline-alkaline ponds were studied in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, from 5 April 1997 to 1 September 1998. The results indicated that in the conditions of salinity ranging from 1.36 to 20 g/L, total alkalinity changing from 2.4 to 7.2 mmol/L and pH 8-9, zooplankton in saline-alkaline ponds was composed of freshwater salt-tolerated species or halophile species, some of which are halobiont species and usually occurs in freshwater. In our study, copepods were predominant in many fish-culture ponds and all control ponds without fishes in spring, late autumn and early winter. Dominant species of copepods were Sinocalanus tenellus, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis. The biomass of copepods in the control ponds without fishes was higher than that of the fish-culture ponds.     

盐穴储气库水溶造腔夹层垮塌力学机制研究

盐岩矿床中难溶泥质夹层的存在给地下储库水溶造腔带来了诸多不利影响,如何有效地预测与控制水溶造腔过程中泥质夹层的垮塌成为亟待解决的技术难题。夹层垮塌力学机制研究以该问题为背景,建立了水溶造腔过程中夹层垮塌分析的力学模型,并应用弹性板壳理论进行了求解,根据求解结果对夹层因局部破损及整体失稳引起垮塌的力学机制分别进行了论述,对夹层垮塌的力学机理进行了总结,给出了一种计算夹层极限跨度的方法。研究成果对水溶造腔过程中夹层垮塌的预测与控制有重要指导意义。     

拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌海洋细菌的筛选和鉴定

从93份中国南部海域近海海泥样品中分离出1800多株海洋细菌,以对峙培养法,测定海洋细菌对香蕉枯萎菌的拮抗作用,再以琼脂划线培养法(agar streak)测定菌株的抑菌活性,结果表明:约55.6%的菌株对香蕉枯萎菌有一定的拮抗作用,其中58株菌株抑制香蕉枯萎菌生长所形成的抑菌带宽度大于10.0mm,抑菌作用较好,复筛后其中13个菌株形成的抑菌带宽在15.0mm以上。经反复转接和对峙培养,筛选出拮抗效果好、抑菌活性稳定的菌株TC-1,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属的细菌,TC-1对14种病原微生物都有较好的抑菌效果。