海洋污损细菌群落结构及其发酵液中化学成分的研究

从烟台附近海域通过挂板取样获得了污损微生物膜样品。利用高通量测序鉴定其中细菌有假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.),嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter sp.),肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。通过对微生物膜污损细菌进行发酵培养,结合天然产物分离纯化和核磁共振鉴定技术,共从发酵液中分离并鉴定了9种次级代谢产物,其中4种是二酮哌嗪(Diketopiperazine,DKP)类信号分子,环(脯氨酸-甘氨酸)(1),环(脯氨酸-丙氨酸)(2),环(4-羟基-脯氨酸-亮氨酸)(3),环(脯氨酸-酪氨酸)(4),以及尿嘧啶(5),胸腺嘧啶(6),对羟基苯乙醇(7),十五烷酸(8),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(9)。研究结果表明,烟台海域污损微生物膜中细菌组成多样,以假交替单胞菌和芽孢杆菌为主;污损细菌产生了多种代谢物,其中包括4种DKP类信号分子,该类物质可能对生物污损的发生具有调控作用,为探究生物污损和生物膜的作用机制奠定了基础。     

氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌在百花湖沉积物中的垂直分布

采用定量氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)的荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法,分析了氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)在百花湖沉积物中的垂直分布。以氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)数量来衡量氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA),结果表明:百花湖沉积物中AOA的amoA基因数量在1.74×105~2.00×106拷贝/克沉积物(湿重)之间,且22~30cm的各层沉积物中,AOA的数量是1~21cm各层沉积物的2倍左右;AOB的amoA基因在百花湖沉积物中的数量随深度的增加变化不大,其拷贝数在6.10×106~3.88×107拷贝/g沉积物(湿重)之间;AOB与AOA的amoA基因的比例在浅层沉积物和深层沉积物中存在一定的差异。这些结果表明AOB和AOA都参与百花湖沉积物中的氨氧化作用,从两类微生物的数量来看,AOB是参与百花湖沉积物中氨氧化作用的主要微生物,而AOA对氨氧化作用的贡献则随着沉积物深度的增加而提高。     

口腔细菌的妙用

瑞士科学家最近报道了人类口腔细菌在产生食物独特味道中发挥的作用。科学家在之前的研究中指出，一些蔬菜和水果只有在入口之后才会释放出独特的气味。在这个过程中，许多挥发性的化合物由其前体转化而成。这次，研究者发现，人类口腔中的一种厌氧菌在转化过程中发挥了重要作用，促使了气味的生成。研究者解释说，     

Screening and molecular classification of low-temperature protease from Antarctic microorganism and its characterization

107 strains producing protease were screened from 260 strains of Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria, among which proteolytic activity of five strains was more than 45 U ml^-1. The 16S rRNA gcne sequences homology and phylogcnetic analysis of five Antarctic psychrophillc bacteria showed that NJ276, NJS-9, NJ16-70,NJ345 belonged tO the described genus Pseudoalteromonas and NJ341 belonged to the genus Colwellia. The growth and the protease characteristic of four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria had been studied, and the result showed that the 6ptimal temperature for growth and protease-produeing of four strains was about 10℃. Their growth and protease-produeing were still high during incubatlng 2-5 days. The maximum proteolytic activity occurred at pH 9 for four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria. The optimal temperature of protease action of both strains NJ276 and NJ5-9 was about 50℃, however, the optimal temperature of protease aetlon of both strains NJ341 and NJ345 was about 40 ℃, and their proteolytic activity under 0℃ exhibited nearly 30% of the maximum activity, but their thermal stabilities were weaker. These results indicated that proteases from NJ341 and NJ345 were low-temperature proteases.     

西藏纳木错沿岸表层水体浮游细菌群落结构及生态功能预测北大核心CSCD

浮游细菌群落对高原湖泊变化具有高度响应性,并且会影响高原湖泊生境的地球化学平衡。因此,了解高原湖泊中浮游细菌群落的分布特征,阐明其在高原湖泊生态系统中的生态功能具有重要科学意义。2021年5月对纳木错沿岸浮游细菌群落分布特征进行了调查研究,并采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对样品进行分析,通过α-多样性指数分析浮游细菌群落的差异性,通过共现网络分析浮游细菌群落之间的相互作用,利用Pearson相关系数衡量理化因子与α-多样性指数的相关性,采用冗余分析(RDA)探讨水体理化因子对浮游细菌群落结构的影响,并基于PICRUSTt2对纳木错浮游细菌进行功能预测。结果表明:浮游细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)组成,其中变形菌门相对丰度最高,主要包括γ-变形菌纲(Gamma-proteobacteria)和α-变形菌纲(Alpha-proteobacteria);噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)和嗜冷菌属(Algoriphagus)为相对优势菌属。α-多样性指数表明,纳木错浮游细菌群落比较丰富。共现网络节点间关系以正相关为主;总溶解固体量(TDS)和盐度(Sal)是影响纳木错浮游细菌群落结构的关键因子。功能预测结果显示,纳木错浮游细菌群落功能主要涉及代谢、遗传信息处理、环境信息处理等6类生物代谢通路,以及膜运输、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢等46个子功能。综上所述,纳木错浮游细菌群落结构在各样点间存在一定差异,浮游细菌在门级水平上类群间相互作用主要为协同作用,其群落结构是多个因子共同作用的结果。研究阐明了纳木错浮游细菌群落组成和功能及其与环境因子的相互联系,可为当地生态环境保护提供科学依据。     

Isolation and biological characteristics of aerobic marine magnetotactic bacterium YSC-1

1 INTRODUCTION Magnetotactic bacteria are able to respond and orient along the direction of terrestrial or artificial magnetic field, a behavior referred to as magneto- taxis. In the majority of magnetotactic bacteria, the magnetosomes are 25–120 nm in d…     

Distribution of biomass of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Bohai Sea

Distribution, variation and impact factors of biomass of bacterioplankton from April to May 1999 in Bohai Sea were studied in DAPI method with epifluorescence microscopy. The biomass in surface waters showed a small day-night variation, varying from 0.13 to 2.51μg/dm^3 with an average of 0.84μg/dm^3. The biomass in bottom waters showed, however, a large variation, changing from 0.15 to 4.18μg/dm^3 with an average of 1.36μg/dm^3. The peak values occurred at 5 and 11 a.m. The bottom water biomass showed a significant correlation with particulate organic carbon （r=0.639, P〈0.05）. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton biomass was high in nearshore waters and low in offshore areas with a high biomass zone around Huanghe （Yellow） River mouth, showing the same distribution of nutrients. In vertical distribution, heterotrophic bacteria biomass in bottom waters was higher than that in surface water.     

嗜盐细菌的研究进展

回顾评价了近２０年来国内外对嗜盐细胞在分类学，生理生化特征，生态学等方面的研究状况，着重分析总结了国外的研究进展，阐述了嗜盐细菌研究成果在其它科技领域，尤其是高新技术上的应用前景。     

Preliminary study on PAH degradation by bacteria from contaminated sediments in Xiamen Western Sea,Fujian, China

In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port and Aquacultural zones in Maluan Bay) in Xiamen Western Sea. The results show three bacterial strains, which used pyrene as the sole carbon source, were identified as strains of Aureobacterium sp.,Arthrobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp. The PAH-degrading bacteria isolated had a strong ability to degrade phenanhrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at different degradation rates. The highest degradation rate was observed when three PAH compounds were mixed with an individual strain in the medium. The three PAHs were degraded after one week with a degradation rate of 89.94 % for phenanthrene and 93.4 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene.In addition, after 25 days of incubation, the degradation rate was 99.98 % for phenanthrene and 99.97 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. Optical density was measured to estimate bacterial growth during the degradation of PAHs. Highest levels of bacterial growth were observed with a three PAH mixture in the culture, suggesting that the concentration of PAHs influenced bacterial growth and the highest levels of degradation for most series were detected after one week of incubation.