Geochemistry of porewater and sulfate-reducing bacteria in sediment cores from the Chianan Plain, Taiwan

High concentrations of arsenic and humic substances in groundwater from the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan were well known for their probable relationships with black-foot disease. In order to realize the relationships between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic in this area, 24 well water samples were analyzed. After filtered through 0.45 μm glass fiber membrane in the field, samples were kept in the dark at 4℃ and then separated into six fractions with varying range of molecular weight （〈0.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-50 and 〉50 k Da） by ultrafiltration apparatus （Molecular/Por Stirred Cell system） in the lab. Concentrations of humic substances were measured by fluorescence spectrometer （HITACHI F-2000, ex=370, em=445） and arsenic by FIAS-AA （Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100, FIAS-400）. On average, only 6.2% of the total arsenic in water existed in the fraction of 〉0.5 k Da. and the others were complexed with humic substances （including humic acid and fulvic acid）. The results demonstrated a distinct positive correlation between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic.     

Synergistic effect of combining sulfate reducing bacteria and zerovalent iron permeable reactive barriers on the treatment of groundwater rich in uranium, sulfate and heavy metals

Uranium processing and mining activities that generate many contaminants, such as high concentrations of U （VI）, sulfate and heavy metals （Zn, Cu, Ni, etc）, may pose a serious threat to the groundwater resources. In recent years, considerable research has been conducted respectively on two kinds of permeable reactive barriers （PRB）, including zerovalent iron （ZVI） and sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）, for in-situ removal of these pollutants from groundwater. However, little investigation has been carried out on the potential benefits of bioaugmenting ZVI barriers to enhance the elimination of the pollutants by combining ZVI with SRB systems. The main goal of this study was to conduct batch and column experiments to determine whether the combination of SRB and ZVI can function synergistically and accelerate the rate of pollutant removal. The results of anaerobic batch experiments demonstrated that although the integrated ZVI/PRB system itself has no ability to reduce and remove sulfate directly, SRB can utilize hydrogen gas produced during the slow process of ZVI corrosion as an electron donor to raise biomass yields significantly and accelerate reductive sulfate removal. In particular, ferrous cations produced as the byproduct of ZVI corrosion process reacted with hydrogen sulfide from sulfate reduction and formed iron-bearing sulfide precipitates, which can stimulate the growth of SRB and promote sulfate removal activity by eliminating the biotoxicity of hydrogen sulfide. It was also shown that secondary mineral products （pyrite/ferrous sulfide） formed as a consequence of microbial sulfate reduction and ZVI corrosion process can enhance the microbial precipitation of soluble U （VI） as insoluble uraninite（uranium dioxide）.     

Characterization of microbial communities associated with African desert dust and their implications for human and ecosystem health

Desert winds aerosolize several billion tons of soil-derived dust each year, including concentrated seasonal pulses from Africa and Asia. Huge dust events create an atmospheric bridge over continents and oceans, and eject a large pulse of soil-associated microorganisms into the atmosphere. These dust events might therefore have a role in expanding the biogeographical range of some microorganisms by facilitating rare long-distance dispersal events. The goal of this study is to characterize the microbes associated with African dust events and determine if they pose a risk to humans or downwind ecosystems. Air samples were collected by vacuum filtration in a source region （Mali, West Africa） during dust events and plated on R2A media to culture microorganisms. These organisms were compared to those in similar samples collected in the Caribbean during Saharan/Sahelian dust events. A high-volume liquid impinger is currently being tested in Barbados, collecting aerosol samples during African dust events. Over 100 bacteria and fungi （19 genera of bacteria and three genera of fungi） have been characterized from source region dust events.     

南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp．S-15-13产胞外多糖的研究及其分子鉴定

本文对影响南极细菌S-15-13生长和胞外多糖产量的主要环境因子进行了研究,同时采用16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育分析方法对其进行了分子鉴定。结果表明：菌株S-15-13最佳产糖条件为：培养时间,56h；培养温度,8℃；碳源,1．0%葡萄糖；NaCl浓度,3．0%；pH,6．0-7．0。16S rDNA序列分析和系统发育分析表明,菌株S-15-13属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoaltero- monas)。     

应用岩石化学元素丰度研究地球化学块体

应用岩石化学元素丰度研究地球化学块体,探讨地球化学块体中元素组成的差异.对中国东部岩石地球化学块体研究表明,华南分布着的巨大的W, Sn, Mo, Bi, U, Th, Pb, Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Nb, Ta, HREE, Y及Tl, Cd, F, K岩石地球化学域,其中的岩石地球化学块体是形成水系沉积物地球化学块体和大型矿集区的主要物质来源.该研究不仅丰富了地球化学块体理论,而且以新的视野从宏观角度上为勘查地球化学、理论地球化学、成矿学与找矿学、环境地学、大地构造学提供有价值的基础性研究资料.     

上扬子台地晚震旦世灯影组中葡萄状-雪花状白云岩的成因意义

葡萄状 -雪花状白云岩是白云岩形成之后经淡水淋滤作用而成 ,葡萄内或雪花周围的有机物质不是原生藻 ,而是蓝绿藻经细菌腐解后形成的细菌集合体。该套白云岩的形成与沉积环境关系密切 ,与藻类多少无关。葡萄状白云岩富含有机物质 ,而雪花状白云岩孔洞发育 ,因此葡萄状 -雪花状白云岩既是生油层 ,又是良好的储集层 ,对其重新认识和定位 ,必将为寻找深部油气资源提供极为重要场所     

硅酸盐细菌解钾作用机理的综合效应

硅酸盐细菌能释放土壤含钾硅酸盐矿物中的磷、钾、硅等元素，直接供给植物生长利用，同时亦具有固氮能力。这为挖掘土壤潜在肥力、发展可持续农业提供了一条新的思路。本文分析了硅酸盐细菌对钾长石、伊利石的解钾作用过程，细菌-矿物复合体的形成，细菌对矿物的溶蚀作用，矿物晶体结构与细菌的解钾作用关系，复合体微环境的变化对细菌解钾作用的影响以及细菌对K^ 的主动吸收等，从微生物矿物学的角度讨论了硅酸盐细菌对含钾硅酸盐矿物解钾作用的机理问题，提出了硅酸盐细菌解钾作用综合效应的看法，并就农业生产上的利用问题指出，应根据当地的土壤环境，选择适宜的生产菌种和吸附剂，并配合使用其它化学肥料和有机肥料。     

广西铅锌矿矿源层探讨

矿源层是成矿作用的物质基础和必备条件。文章通过总结广西铅锌矿在各地层各地区的丰度值及已有矿床的资料，认为泥盆系、奥陶系、寒武系是广西铅锌矿的矿源层，并分析了矿质迁移富集条件。建议加大对此3个矿源层的研究，以促进广西铅锌矿找矿取得新突破。     

北极海冰细菌产胞外酶及主要环境因子的初步研究

覆盖在北极海洋上的广阔海冰为其内部生存的微生物群落提供了一个独特的生境。研究表明 ,大量海冰细菌能够分泌产生胞外酶 ,其中产蛋白或脂质水解酶细菌的比例远高于产多糖水解酶的细菌。温度、盐度是直接影响海冰细菌生存与活力的 2个主要环境因子。 76%的产酪蛋白酶海冰细菌为低温菌 ,菌株只能在 <35°C条件下生长 ;而 98%的酪蛋白酶最适作用温度≥ 35°C ,其中 62 %的酶最适作用温度≥ 45°C。几乎所有的产酪蛋白酶海冰细菌都耐盐或嗜盐     

细菌浸铜技术在紫金山铜矿的应用

介绍了生物浸矿技术在紫金山铜矿的应用及在这一过程中发现的一些问题，并提出了有待进一步解决的一些问题。