4种鲷科鱼种内细胞色素b基因序列的保守性

对真鲷(Pagrosomus major)、黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)、黑鲷(S.macrocephalus)和平鲷(Rhabdosargus sarba)的线粒体DNA细胞色素b 405bP序列进行测定。结果发现，4种鲷科鱼种内碱基的变异较低，真鲷为0．25％，黄鳍鲷为0．74％，黑鲷和平鲷均为0；真鲷有4种单倍型，黄鳍鲷有2种单倍型，黑鲷和平鲷分别为1种单倍型，且单倍型间变异位点很少，真鲷有3个变异位点，黄鳍鲷仅有1个变异位点，而黑鲷和平鲷无变异位点。结果表明，细胞色素b基因在这4种鲷科鱼种内是相当保守的。     

Expression of the Phycoerythrin Gene of Gracilaria lemaneiformis （Rhodophyta） in E. coil and Evaluation of the Bioactivity of Recombinant PE

Phycoerythrin (PE) is one of the most important proteins involved in light capturing during photosynthesis in red algae. Its potential biological activities had gained wide concerns. In the present study, tumor cytotoxic and hydroxyl radical assay were preformed to detect the bioactivity of recombinant PE. Recombinant plasmids pGEX-PE and pBGL were transformed into E. coli BL21 to make two recombinant strains BEX (pGEX-PE) and BGL (pBGL). PE expressing in BEX (pGEX-PE) was validated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the PE-GST fusion protein was mostly inclusion bodies. Specific expression of PE was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The recombinant E. coli BEX (pGEX-PE) cells were collected and sonicated. The supernatants were reserved for the tumor cytotoxic experiments. The result of tumor cytotoxic assay indicated that the supernatants containing PE had the activity of inhibiting the growth of Hela cells and with the increase of protein concentration, the inhibiting rate increased from 37.31% to 63.26%, which showed significant difference from the control. Hydroxyl radical scavenging effect was tested with supernatants of BEX (pGEX-PE) and BGL (pBGL) cell lysates treated with sonication and heating. For the sonication samples, the scavenging rates of the supernatants of BEX (pGEX-PE) and BGL (pBGL) cell lysates were significantly higher than the negative control BL21(pGEX-4T) (P<0.02), and the scavenging rates increased slowly following the increase of the protein content. For the heating samples, except for the 0.2 mg mL⁻¹ BGL (pBGL) products, the scavenging effects of the supernatants of BEX (pGEX-PE) and BGL (pBGL) cell lysates were stronger than that of negative control BL21(pGEX-4T). However, the effect intensity was not positively correlated with the increase of the protein concentration. Though a partially decreased hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was led by heating, the biological activity was still retained and conspicuous. This research showed that phycoerythrin protein expressing in E. coli has the potential medical and sanitarian value.     

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF POLYETHYLENIMINE AND NICKEL CHLORIDE IN RED SEA BREAM（Pagrosomus major）FIN CELL LINE RSBF

A continuous marine fish cell line RSBF(i.e.Red Sea Bream Fin)was utilized to screen the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polyethylenimine(PEI)and nickel cholride(NiCl2)in this study on the deleterious effects of aquatic genotoxins on fish.At the 0.01 to 1μgml concentration tested,PEI had acute toxicity to the treated RSBF cells(IC50=1.12,0.92,0.88 and 0.64μg/ml PEI for time 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment,respectively)and markedly inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.At the 0.001 to 5 μmol/L concentration tested,NiCl2 posed no acute toxicity but significantly stimulated their growth(107?214?of control).Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to detect the genotoxic effects of PEI and NiCl2 by comparing the RAPD banding patterns of the control and treated cells.RAPD analysis indicated that at the concentrations tested,PEI was more genotoxic than NiCl2 to RSBF cells;that there was a slight dose-dependent response in the genotoxic effect of PEI bue not NiCl2;and that RAPD technique might provide a sensitive,non-specif-ic gentoxic endpoint.And the potent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PEI on fish cells showed that we should be cautious in utilizing it as gene vector in fish gene transfer and human gene therapy.     

科技短消息

动物实验的替代品——芯片上的肺?欧盟要求在未来的10年中对3万种化学品进行毒性测试。这是一项耗时又昂贵的庞大工程,需要进行大量的动物实验。另一方面,欧盟化妆品指令正打算在2013年全面禁止化妆品行业使用动物实验。未来,人类将用什么来代替动物实验?英国卡迪夫大学的细胞生物学家凯利·贝鲁布提供了一个可能的     

“生物坏小子”克霉格·文特尔轶事

他用了“四瓶化学物质”为他们的“人造细胞”设计了染色体，然后把这个基因信息植入另一个修改过的细菌细胞中，这个由合成基因组控制的细胞具有自行复制的能力——这就是人类成功制造的第一个“合成”生命，取名为“辛西娅”。     

马钱子碱通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路对肺腺癌细胞的抑制作用研究

目的：探究马钱子碱对非小细胞肺癌的影响及其作用机制。方法：采用CCK-8法和划痕试验法研究马钱子碱抑制A549细胞的增殖、迁移能力,Western blot法检测各组细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)通路相关的蛋白表达,ELISA法检测白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量。结果：CCK-8试验结果显示,给药组对A549细胞增殖有明显抑制作用;划痕试验显示,与空白组比较,给药组细胞迁移率明显下降（P<0.01）;Western blot结果显示,给药干预后可显著下调p-Akt、p-mTOR的表达（P<0.001）,同时给药组的mTOR、Akt、PI3K蛋白表达下调（P<0.05）;ELISA试验结果显示,采用马钱子碱进行干预后,细胞上清IL-6和TNF-α含量均显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论：马钱子碱可有效抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移,可能是通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路而起作用,并通过调节TNF-α含量来达到抗肿瘤的作用。     

内蒙古大青山地区中侏罗世古气候分析

对内蒙古中部大青山地区石拐子侏罗纪陆相含煤沉积断陷盆地的侏罗系召沟组植物化石进行系统分类、鉴定与研究。结果表明召沟组植物群共有18属31种,分别属于真蕨纲、苏铁纲、银杏纲、茨康纲、松柏纲(Filicopsida,Cycadopsida,Ginkgopsida,Czekanoskiopsida,Coniferopsida)。同时利用扫描电镜(SEM),对银杏纲和茨康纲化石表皮细胞的种类、形态及构造特点进行形态解剖学研究。研究认为,召沟组植物群是一个属于中国北方区以Coniopteris-Phoenicopsis为代表的晚期组合(即中侏罗世组合)。该植物群的发现揭示石拐子盆地中侏罗世为温暖潮湿气候环境下的湖泊沼泽沉积环境,这种沉积环境有利于该区煤炭、石油和天然气的形成。这项工作对于区域盆地演化和其中能源矿产的成因研究及预测具有重要的指导意义。     

扬子板块伊迪卡拉(震旦)纪多细胞生物的发展与烃源岩的形成

生物的生产量以及被保存的沉积有机质是烃源岩形成的重要条件。多细胞生物出现并广泛地生活于扬子地区伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期晚期的浅海中,生物之间相互依赖和共存的多层次化和复杂化生态系统的建立,使陡山沱期成为扬子地区生命演化和发展重要时期。陡山沱期的黑色泥(页)岩在沉积时为富含水份的粥性沉积物,同时当时海洋中的氧化-还原界面较浅,生物遗体可迅速地被沉积物所覆盖而形成烃源岩。伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期是化学、气候和环境变化的剧烈时期,也是扬子地区生命演化、有机质生产力发展和烃源岩形成的一个重要时期。     

Quantitative Analysis of Meso-β-scale Convective Cells and Anvil Clouds over North China

This paper proposes several quantitative characteristics to study convective systems using observations from Doppler weather radars and geostationary satellites. Specifically, in order to measure the convective intensity of each system, a new index, named the ``Convective Intensity Ratio' (CIR), is defined as the ratio between the area of strong radar echoes at the upper level and the size of the convective cell itself. Based on these quantitative characteristics, the evolution of convective cells, surface rainfall intensity, rainfall area and convectively generated anvil clouds can be studied, and the relationships between them can also be analyzed. After testing nine meso-β-scale convective systems over North China during 2006--2007, the results were as follows: (1) the CIR was highly correlated with surface rainfall intensity, and the correlation reached a maximum when the CIR led rainfall intensity by 6--30 mins. The maximum CIR could be at most ～30 mins before the maximum rainfall intensity. (2) Convective systems with larger maximum CIRs usually had colder cloud-tops. (3) The maximum area of anvil cloud appeared 0.5--1.5 h after rainfall intensity began to weaken. The maximum area of anvil cloud and the time lag between maximum rainfall intensity and the maximum area of anvil cloud both increased with the CIR.