Interspecies competition for nutrients between Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve in mesocosm experiments

Three mesocosm experiments were conducted in the East China Sea during blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in May of 1998, 2002 and 2003 to examine the role of nutrients in the formation of these harmful algae blooms (HABs). The results showed that there was interspecies competition between P. donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The cell number of P. donghaiense and S. costatum accounted for about 85% and 11% of the total cell number of phytoplankton respectively at the beginning of the experiment in May 1998. In May 2002, at the beginning of the experiment, the cell number of P. donghaiense accounted for 55%—66% of the total and S. costatum accounted for 32%—42%. The density of P. donghaiense and S. costatum was over 95% and 1%—5% respectively in May 2003. The results of these three mesocosm experiments showed that the dominant species in this specific community varied with different nutrient availability. Under lowphosphate conditions, the dominant species was P. donghaiense, while S. costatum became dominant in phosphatereplete cases. The average growth rate (1.08 d-1) of S. costatum in exponential growth phase was higher than that (0.39 d-1) of P. donghaiense. In the mesocosm, S. costatum predominated in the mesocosm by its rapid growth. When phosphorus was depleted, the cell number of S. costatum dropped rapidly, while P. donghaiense Lu decreased more slowly. The results from mesocosm experiment may explain why: (1) P. donghaiense bloom usually occurs in May, when phosphate concentration is low; (2) the bloom of S. costatum appears in early spring and summer time, when nutrients increase with increasing Changjiang River (Yangtze River) runoff; (3) the bloom of S. costatum is short and that of P. donghaiense Lu can last more than a month in the East China Sea.     

福建主要港湾悬浮物、悬浮有机质等环境因子的分布与变化

依据2001年福建主要港湾水体中悬浮物质的调查资料,讨论了悬浮物(TPM)、悬浮有机质(POM)的分布和动态变化特征。TPM季平均质量浓度为20.86~22.68 mg.dm-3,年平均为21.50 mg.dm-3;其季节变化为11月最高,8月次高,5月最低。11月最高主要受风浪和潮流的影响。POM季平均质量浓度为3.14~3.36 mg.dm-3,年平均为3.27 mg.dm-3;其季节变化为8月最高,5月次高,11月最低。夏季POM的含量分布主要受生物活动影响。叶绿素a季平均质量浓度为6.01~9.02 mg.m-3,初级生产力季平均为54.9~412.8 mgC.m-2.d-1,都是8月最高,11月最低。浮游植物细胞数季平均为3 563.4×103~24 862.4×103个.m-3,5月最高,11月最低。     

虾夷扇贝毒素对Hela细胞凋亡诱导作用的初步研究

以Hela细胞为研究对象,通过四氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法、光学显微镜观察、Giemsa染色以及DNA凝胶电泳,研究了几种产YTXs的赤潮藻种多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedrum)CCMP1931,具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)CCMP409,网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)CCMP2776粗提液对细胞的凋亡诱导作用,并通过LC-MS/MS分析各粗提液的成分及毒性大小。结果表明:CCMP1931、CCMP409、CCMP2776均对Hela细胞有毒性作用,能引起细胞凋亡事件,同时,分析其毒素成分发现,3种藻均能产生YTX及其衍生物,且相对毒力大小为CCMP2776CCMP1931CC-MP409。     

中国沿海7个长蛸(Octopus variabilis)群体COI基因的遗传变异研究

采用线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列测定技术分析了中国沿海重要经济头足类长蛸7个野生群体的种群遗传结构及其变异。结果表明,我国长蛸资源存在相对丰富的遗传多样性,635bp长度的核苷酸片段共检测到74个多态位点,多态位点比例达11.7%,检测的108个个体中共获25个单倍型,单倍型多样性指数(H)达0.342—0.934,平均核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)达0.0008—0.0055,高于多数海洋头足类的遗传变异。对7个群体的遗传结构进行检测表明,我国的长蛸群体间存在显著的遗传分化(P0.05),遗传结构基本符合脚踏石模型。7个群体可明显聚类为3个类群,类群间分化系数Fst达0.8858(P0.01),基因流大大小于1;AMOVA检测和单倍型网络关系图也证实了上述类群的分化。遗传距离分析表明,由厦门群体组成的类群与其它2类群间的遗传距离达到0.086—0.098,可能达到了亚种的分化。     

斜带石斑鱼幼鱼饥饿前后胃肠道的组织学研究

应用组织学方法详细地观察了斜带石斑鱼幼鱼饥饿前后胃肠道组织细胞的变化特征.结果发现饥饿后引起胃体部的粘膜和腺体萎缩,胃腺细胞排列无序,腺细胞胞质中分泌颗粒明显减少,肌层变薄,肌纤维排列疏松,而贲门胃和幽门胃则没有明显变化;在肠道可见幽门盲囊和肠前段出现结构和功能的变化,表现在肠绒毛长度和上皮细胞的高度均明显下降,纹状缘退化,杯状细胞的体积和数目都减少,肠中段的变化较前段不显著,后段肠壁可见浆膜层和肌层严重脱落.     

Nutrient compositions of cultured Thalassiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay in China

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon composition of cultured two different sized phytoplankton common species of Thalazsiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay were measured. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon contents in cell were obvious higher in T. rotula than in S. costatum, but the percents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sihcon contents in cell dry mass in T. rotula were lower than those in S. costatum. The dry mass concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus, silicon in S. costatum were much higher than those in T. rotula, particularly silicon, the former was 6. 4 times of the latter, showing that S. costatum could more assimilate these elements. Especially, S. costatum had competitive dominance for assimilating silicon, which is beneficial to its becoming a major dominant species in relative short silicon of the Jiaozhou Bay. There were some differences in numerical value of nutrient ratios both laboratory-cultured phytoplankton and different sized suspended particulates （ mainly phytoplankton） in the Jiaozhou Bay, which was caused by the changes of environment. High contents of carbon, nitrogon and relative low phosporus, sil- icon, high molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus （far higher than Redfield value） and low ratio of silicon to phosphorus and silicon to nitrogen （far lower than Redfield values） in the two diatoms and different sized suspended particulates were consistent with those in the seawater. Relative short silicon in the seawater and phytoplankton showed that silicon was possibly affectting phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay.     

不同盐度下鲈鱼稚鱼鳃的显微结构观察

采用石蜡切片和显微摄影技术,研究了不同盐度下鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)稚鱼鳃的显微结构.结果显示,在15.00盐度组,稚鱼鳃的鳃丝和鳃小片上泌氯细胞数量较多,泌氯细胞集中分布在鳃小片基部,且黏液细胞较多.与15.00盐度组和淡水组相比,7.50盐度组稚鱼鳃的鳃小片较窄,泌氯细胞的分布、结构及数量变化均不明显.在0.00盐度组,稚鱼鳃中鳃小片较宽,排列紧密,泌氯细胞数量较少,且主要分布在近鳃小片基部.鲈鱼稚鱼鳃的结构能够适应外界水体盐度的变化,其中泌氯细胞的结构和数量变化是与鲈鱼稚鱼所处的环境相适应的.     

人工四倍体皱纹盘鲍的发生

采用化学药物进行诱导皱纹盘鲍四倍体的研究。结果表明,在受精后１０ｍｉｎ开始,用１ｍｇ／ｌ浓度的ＣＢ持续处理皱纹盘鲍受精卵３０ｍｉｎ,通过阻止极体释放,可获得２１．９％的四倍体胚胎。用０．０５ｇ／Ｌ浓度的秋水仙素,在受精后４０～５０ｍｉｎ的效应时间内开始处理,持续３ｍｉｎ,能抑制皱纹盘鲍的第一次有丝分裂,四倍体诱导率最高为１３．０％。此外观察到,秋水仙素对染色体组加倍最为敏感的效应时间,也是胚胎对诱导处理耐受性最弱的时期。化学药物的毒性作用和染色体的断裂或缺失,可能是导致皱纹盘鲍四倍体胚胎死亡率高的重要原因