几种红藻和蓝藻藻胆体的分离和光谱特性

本文分析了高等红藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)藻胆体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,并与低等红藻条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)及蓝藻钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)作了比较研究。龙须菜藻胆体的吸收峰位于498nm、541nm、565nm、620nm和650nm。荧光发射峰位于576nm和672nm。从光谱学性质和能量传递分析,龙须菜和条斑紫菜胆体的组成、结构相似,但有细微差别。而螺旋藻藻胆体的组成、结构则与两种红藻差别较大。     

一种蠕虫叉红藻硫酸半乳聚糖的粘度特性研究

探讨红藻多糖在食品中的应用前景，对蠕虫叉红藻（Furcellaria lumbricalis）中1种硫酸半乳聚糖（FB）的粘度特性进行了研究。采用流变仪通过与标准k-卡拉胶（KCA）比较，分析FB在不同温度、pH、金属离子以及酪蛋白存在下粘度的变化。结果表明，在25～50℃下，FB水溶液的粘度随温度升高而迅速下降；在相同温度下，FB水溶液粘度稍受pH值大小的影响；钾离子和钙离子均能降低FB水溶液粘度，但Ca^2＋的加入能明显提高酪蛋白与FB混合水溶液体系粘度。由于FB和KCA粘度变化行为具有相似性，这为FB用作食品添加剂提供了有用数据。     

Laurencia nanhaiense sp.nov.,a new species of the genus Laurencia(Rhodomelaceae,Rhodophyta) from China

Laurencia nanhaiense sp.nov.(Rhodomelaceae,Rhodophyta) is described from Hainan and Guangdong Provinces,China.The new species clearly displays one of the defining features of the genus,viz.four periaxial cells per vegetative axial segment.It differs from other closely related species in having a combination of features such as terete axes from a basal system composed of a primary discoid holdfast and a secondary attachment to give rise to many short rhizoids,branching oppositely and alternately,irregularly tristichous or subverticillately polystichous,having more curve branches with very sparse,adventitious ultimate branchlets,non-projecting superficial cortical cells at the apices of ultimate branchlets,presence of longitudinally oriented secondary pit-connections between contiguous superficial cortical cells,absence of lenticular thickenings in the walls of medullary cells,parallel arrangement of tetrasporangia along the axis of stichidia,and presence of intercellular spaces between medullary cells.     

运用核糖体18S rRNA基因序列鉴别两种红藻

Chondus crispus（皱波角叉菜）和Mastocarpus stellatus是2种形态特征和生境极为相似的红藻，依据外部形态特征很难将它们鉴别开来。本研究测定和分析了这2种红藻的核糖体18SrRNA基因全序列，结果表明：M．stellatus的18SrRNA基因序列长度和A，T，G，C4种碱基的含量与C．crispus差异甚小，但核苷酸差异率达到了2．75％，远超过角叉菜属种内和种间的水平（0．00％～0．45％）。另外，根据该基因序列构建的系统进化树也能清楚的将C．crispus和M．stellatus区别开来，表明核糖体18SrRNA基因可从种的分类水平上对这2种红藻进行分子鉴定，具有广阔的分类学应用前景。     

藻类抗肿瘤活性物质研究进展

藻类中含有丰富的具有生物活性的代谢物，这些代谢物具有药理活性如抗肿瘤活性或可作为先导化合物。本文综述了藻类抗肿瘤活性物质的研究进展，同时也对其研究前景进行了展望。     

The study on the effect of NO on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus

1 INTRODUCTION As a recently recognized information molecule in campaign of the “Molecule of the Year” by Sci- ence magazine, nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much attention from biologists and many other field scien- tists, for its very important physio…     

Primary species recognitionand phylogeny of Chondrus （Gigartinales, Rhodophyta） using 18S rDNA sequence data

The nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) of 16 isolates of Chondrus from 8 countries were sequenced. A total of 1796 nucleotides were obtained and aligned with the phylogenetic analysis conducted. The results suggest that the entity from Dalian, China, regarded as C. sp1 is C. pinnulatus. The C. sp2 previously depicted as C. yendoi or Mazzaella japonica may belong to genus Chondrus. So, 4 Chondrus species, i.e. C. ocellatus, C. nipponicus, C. armatus, and C. pinnulatus are distributed in China. However, the entity from Connemara, Ireland, named C. crispus, is not a Chondrus species but that of Mastocarpus stellatus, although it is morphologically similar to C. crispus. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete 18S rDNA sequence data shows that genus Chondrus includes 3 main lineages: the Northern Pacific lineage, containing C. ocellatus, C. yendoi, and C. nipponicus; C. armatus, and C. pinnulatus form the sub-North Pacific lineage; and the Northern Atlantic Ocean lineage, comprising samples of C. crispus from Canada, Portugal, Ireland, Germany and France. The phylogenetic relationships indicate that genus Chondrus might have a North Pacific ancestral origin, radiated to North Atlantic area, and then formed the species C. crispus.     

条斑紫菜分子生物学研究现状

<正>条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)隶属于红藻门(Rhodophyphyta),原红藻纲(Protoflorideophyceae),红毛菜目(Bangiales),红毛菜科(Bangiaceae),紫菜属(Porphyra)。紫菜属的种类分布广泛,目前已报道的种类约有130多种[1]。我国记录定名的紫菜物种或变种有22种[2]。条斑紫菜为北太平洋西部特有的     

Effects of UV-B irradiation on isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and their activities in red alga Grateloupiafilicina （Rhodophyta）

Macroalgae in a littoral zone are inevitably exposed to UV-B irradiance.We analyzed the effects of UV-B on isoenzyme patterns and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POX),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) of red algae Grateloupia filicina(Lamour.) C.Agardh.The activities of SOD,CAT,and APX changed in response to UV-B in a time- and dose-dependent manner.POX activity increased significantly under all three UV-B treatments.The enzymatic assay showed three distinct bands of SODⅠ(Mn-SOD),SODⅡ(Fe-SOD),and SODⅢ(CuZn-SOD) under a low(Luv) and medium(Muv) dose of UV-B irradiation,while SODⅠ and SODⅢ activities decreased significantly when exposed to a high dose of UV-B irradiation(Huv).The activity of POX isoenzymes increased significantly after exposure to UV-B,which is consistent with the total activity.In addition,a clear decrease in activity of CATIV was detected in response to all the three doses of UV treatments.Some bands of APX isoenzyme were also clearly influenced by UV-B irradiation.Correspondingly,the daily growth rate declined under all the three exposure doses,and was especially significant under Muv and Huv treatments.These data suggest that,although the protection mechanisms of antioxidant defense system are partly inducible by UV-B to prevent the damage,G.filicina has incomplete tolerance to higher UV-B irradiation stress.     

两种多管藻中脂肪酸的分析

多管藻是红藻门(Rhodophyta)松节藻科(Rhodomelaceae)多管藻属(Polysiphonia)的海生藻类,国外对其研究的历史已有40多年,到80年代前后,AlkmanR.G.(1977),HeibaH.I.(1988)和PettittTrevorR.(1989)等人比较详细地研究了多管藻属内的Polysiphonialanosa等所含的脂肪酸;90年代初,李烈英等人对几种海洋生物中的高度不饱和脂肪酸进行了比较研究[1],发现多管藻属中的P.mor-rowii中脂肪酸的主要成分为饱和脂肪酸16∶0与高度不饱和脂肪酸EPA(二十碳五烯酸),其他种类脂肪酸含量很少。作者近两年对产于我国近海的多管藻P.urceolata和P.japonica…