深圳湾红树林湿地生态系统的居民贡献意愿评估

红树林湿地是处于海陆边缘的独特湿地生态系统,具有多种不可替代的生态功能和作用。以深圳湾海滨公园及其滨海休闲带为研究对象,利用条件价值评估法分析居民对深圳湾红树林湿地生态系统的认知度、支付意愿和服务意愿。结果显示:对于红树林湿地生态系统保护,同意支付金钱的受访者占56.38%,同意付出服务时间的占69.07%,居民对志愿服务形式的接受度更高。受访者对红树林湿地生态系统服务功能的人均支付意愿为260.62±76.07元/a,人均服务意愿为9.16±2.35 h/月。影响居民支付意愿和服务意愿的主要因素有受访者的性别、年龄、受教育程度、月收入、保护团体和志愿者经历等。研究表明WTW模型拟合度更高,适用于需要居民通过劳动和服务方式参与环境和资源保护的价值评估。     

红树林海岸围填海适宜性的评估

依据红树林生物海岸的资源和生态特点,通过分析近岸围填海对红树林生态影响的主要因子和生态服务功能的影响,构建红树林生物海岸围填海适宜性的评价指标体系,选取红树林资源、环境、生态和经济为分层指标,确定分层指标的权重以及各项指标的标准和权重,采用综合指数评价分级围填海的适宜性为IHI0.75为Ⅰ级,可以实施围填;IHI=0.75~1.2为Ⅱ级,限制围填,IHI1.2为Ⅲ级,严禁围填.并就红树林海岸围填海适宜性的分级提出红树林资源限制性指标以及评估方法的应用.     

间苯二甲酸二甲酯的好氧微生物降解及其生化途径

从红树林污泥中通过富集培养分离到4株细菌,鉴定结果是多杀巴斯德菌(Pasteurella multocida Sa)、产酸克雷伯菌(Klebsiella oxytoca Sc)、少动鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas paucimobilis Sy)和嗜中温甲基杆菌(Methylobacterium mesophilicum Sr).在纯培养降解间苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMI)时发现,单一纯菌株不能完全矿化间苯二甲酸二甲酯,而2种或3种纯菌株组成的混合菌可以将220mg·L-1的底物在12d内完全矿化.主要的中间产物有间苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMI)和间苯二甲酸(IA).根据鉴定出的中间产物,DMI的生化降解途径为:DMI→MMI→IA→CO2 H2O.研究结果表明,DMI的2个酯基的水解是决定DMI能否完全矿化的重要步骤,但 2个酯基的酶催化水解反应有差异,由不同的细菌分步来完成,说明是酯酶对不同底物的专性所致;第2个酯基的水解对整个降解过程有决定性作用.     

红树林海洋细菌PLM4抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性多糖的纯化及结构分析

红树林海洋短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus（PLM4）的发酵液对人喉癌细胞Hep-2、肝癌细胞BEL-7404和舌癌细胞TCA8123的生长抑制活性分别为63．6％、59．2％和61．5％。PLM4发酵液经乙醇沉淀和凝胶柱层析纯化可得到多糖纯品。采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定其分子量和纯度,硫酸-咔唑法、2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法、氯化钡明胶比色法、茚三酮反应和气相色谱法等测定其组分。采用红外光谱分析、高碘酸氧化和Smith降解等方法研究其结构。结果表明,该多糖分子量为116kd,由己糖醛酸、甘露糖、葡萄糖和丙酮酸组成,其摩尔比为31：19：6：1,不含硫酸、乙酸和蛋白质。平均每100个己糖基中含有约42个1→3糖苷键、42个1→6糖苷键和／或非还原末端基、13．5个1→2糖苷键和2．5个1→4糖苷键。     

全新世大暖气广西钦州湾红树林衰退的红树林源有机质贡献示踪及其对亚洲季风的响应

The response of mangrove ecosystems to the Asian monsoon in the future global warming can be understood by reconstructing the development of mangrove forests during the Holocene climatic optimum(HCO), using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. The total organic matter in sediments of a segmented core, with calibrated age ranges between 5.6 and 7.7 cal. ka BP and corresponding to the HCO, from the Qinzhou Bay in Guangxi, China, is quantitatively partitioned into three end-members according to their sources: mangrove-derived, terrigenous,and marine phytoplanktonic, using a three-end-member model depicted by organic carbon isotope(δ13Corg) and the molar ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen(C/N). The percentage of mangrove-derived organic matter(MOM) contribution is used as a proxy for mangrove development. Three visible drops in MOM contribution occurred at ca. 7.3, ca. 6.9, and ca. 6.2 cal. ka BP, respectively, are recognized against a relatively stable and higher MOM contribution level, indicating that three distinct mangrove forest degradations occurred in the Qinzhou Bay during the HCO. The three mangrove forest degradations approximately correspond to the time of the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon. This indicates that even during a period favorable for the mangrove development, such as the HCO, climatic extremes, such as cold and dry events driven by the strengthened/weakened Asian winter/summer monsoon, can trigger the degradation of mangrove forests.     

中国西南广西英罗湾红树林近130年来演化指标——沉积物中的红树叶片亚化石

Located in the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coasts, mangrove forests are an important ecosystem in the global carbon cycle and serve as a protector of local seashores. Under the double impacts of climate change,especially sea-level rise, and human activity, mangrove forests around the world have faced degradation, against which the reconstruction of the historical development of mangrove forests using an effective indicator has been regarded as a necessary strategy for designing a predictable model. As the primary product of mangrove forest, it is reasonable that the content of leaf fragments of mangrove(CLFM) buried in sediments in the form of sub-fossils potentially has the same indicative function for the development of mangrove forests as that of widely-used mangrove pollen. In this study, the leaf fragments of mangrove in two sediment cores(YLW02 and YLW03) drilled in the Yingluo Bay in Guangxi, Southwest China were picked out and weighted for calculation of CLFM, which was used as an indicator of mangrove development after examination of parallelism and a statistical correlation of the CLFM with the concentration of mangrove pollen. The results clearly show that the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the landward margin of mangrove forests(YLW03) only parallels that of the local mangrove species(Rhizophora. stylosa) with a significantly positive correlation(R=0.56, P=0.05), while the vertical distribution of the CLFM for the core taken from the interface between seaward margin of mangrove forest and the trunk of tidal creeks of the bay(YLW02) parallels the summed concentration of mangrove pollen(SCMP) with a more positive correlation than that of YLW03(R=0.85, P=0.01), indicating that the trunk outlet of tidal creeks must have been the site where mangrove production gathered from the overall forest rather than from local production. The variations in the CLFM of both cores indicate that overall the mangrove forests in the Yingluo Bay have increasingly flourished over the last 130 years except for the interval of 1940–1950 AD in response to an increase in air temperature and decrease in rainfall, which would have resulted in an increase in seawater salinity;while the coupled extreme increases in air temperature and in rainfall in summer, which would have resulted in extreme decreases in seawater salinity, would be responsible for the relative degradation of mangrove forests in the interval of 1940–1950 AD.     

深圳福田红树林生态中放线菌的筛选及其抗菌活性测定

从深圳福田红树林根际于不同季节采集的3份土样和2份水样中分离得到95株放线菌,94%的放线菌为链霉菌科。测定95株放线菌发酵液对病菌的抗菌活性,82%的放线菌发酵液有不同程度的抗菌作用,对革兰氏阳性细菌(G )的抗菌作用最强。测定其中6株放线菌发酵液对细菌、霉菌和酵母的抗菌活性,各具有不同的抗菌谱:s33,s48和s68具有广谱的抗菌活性;s10和s87只能抑制细菌;s67b不能抑制革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)。s10发酵液的最小抑菌浓度<0.125μL/mL。     

九龙江口红树林区秋茄植物组织中总汞的分布特征

在枯水期和丰水期分别对福建九龙江口浮宫镇红树林保护区的成熟林分秋茄(Kandelia candel)和秋茄幼苗分不同组织采样,研究了其中汞的分布特征,发现无论是成熟林分还是秋茄幼苗,总汞在各部位中的分布趋势相同,均为叶＞皮＞根＞木质部,叶中总汞含量远高于其他植物组织中的含量,成熟林分秋茄叶中总汞含量为35～98 ng/...     

广西钦州湾晚全新世红树林演变及对海平面变化的响应

Mangroves, widely distributed along the coasts of tropical China, are influenced by Asia monsoon, relative sea level change and enhanced human activity. To predict the impacts of future climate change on mangrove ecosystems, it can be understood by reconstructing past mangrove dynamics using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. In this study, we quantitatively partitioned buried organic matter(OM) sources, collected from a vulnerable mangrove swamp in the Qinzhou Bay of northwestern South China Sea, using a ternary end-member mixing model of δ~(13)C and C:N values. Mangrove-derived OM(MOM) contribution was used as a tracer for mangrove development since 2.34 cal ka BP. This information, together with paleoclimate records(i.e.,speleothem δ~(18)O values, sea level change, grain size parameters) and human activity, was used to divide mangrove development into three stages during the late Holocene: relative flourish(2.34–1.13 cal ka BP), relative degradation(1.13–0.15 cal ka BP) and further degradation(0.15–0 cal ka BP). Before 1.13 cal ka BP, mangroves flourished with a high MOM contribution((88.9±10.6)%), corresponding to stable and high sea level under a warm and humid climate. After 1.13 cal ka BP, rapid fall in relative sea level coupled with the strengthening of the Asian winter monsoon, resulted in mangrove degradation and MOM reduction((62.4±18.9)%). Compared with air temperature and precipitation, the relative sea level fall was the main controlling factor in mangrove development before entering the Anthropocene(the time of the Industrial Revolution). After ～150 cal a BP, reclamation of mangrove swamps to shrimp ponds is the main factor causing mangrove degradation and MOM reduction.